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Principles of Property Valuation
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Principle of Conformity
Value is maximized when a property is in harmony with its surroundings and conforms to the majority of those around it.
Investment Value
The value of the property to a particular investor, based on his/her individual investment requirements and expectations.
Principle of Contribution
The change in the value of a property as a whole, resulting from adding or subtracting a component, is equal to the added or subtracted value.
Principle of Progression and Regression
Property values can be affected by the company they keep, with less expensive properties benefiting from more expensive ones (progression), and vice versa (regression).
Principle of Supply and Demand
Property value is influenced by the relative scarcity or abundance of properties and the demand for them.
Principle of Plottage
The increment in the value of land realized by combining adjacent parcels into one larger parcel.
Principle of Balance
Maximum value is created when a property is in a state of equilibrium or balance among property types, tenancy, and use.
Principle of Anticipation
Future benefits of property ownership impact the present value; the value is measured by the present worth of future benefits.
Principle of Assemblage
The process of combining two or more properties into one large parcel, often increasing the total value beyond the sum of individual properties' values.
Principle of Change
Property values are constantly changing due to varying factors such as social, economic, government, and environmental conditions.
Principle of Competition
An increase in competition among property providers will lead to a decrease in profits for each individual competitor.
Principle of Highest and Best Use
The potential use of a property that would produce the highest value, whether or not that is the property's current use.
Use Value
The value the property holds for the owner, which may not reflect market value but represents the utility derived from the owner's use.
Principle of Substitution
The value of a property tends to be determined by the cost of acquiring an equally desirable substitute property within a reasonable time frame.
Market Value
The most probable price that a property should bring in a competitive and open market under all conditions requisite to a fair sale.
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