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Tax Exemptions and How They Work

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Standard Deduction

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A portion of income not subject to tax that can be used to reduce your tax bill, the amount varies based on filing status, age, and blindness.

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Medical and Dental Expenses

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Deduction for out-of-pocket medical and dental expenses exceeding 7.5% of adjusted gross income (AGI).

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Personal Exemption

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A set amount that taxpayers could subtract from their income for themselves and their dependents. As of 2018, this exemption is no longer applicable.

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Education Credits

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Includes the American Opportunity Tax Credit and the Lifetime Learning Credit, which help reduce education costs for qualifying expenses.

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Mortgage Interest Deduction

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Taxpayers can deduct interest on up to 750,000ofqualifiedresidenceloans.750,000 of qualified residence loans.

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Earned Income Tax Credit

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A refundable credit for low to moderate-income working individuals and families, particularly those with children.

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Charitable Contributions

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Deductible contributions to qualifying charitable organizations, limited to a percentage of the taxpayer's AGI.

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Child Tax Credit

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A credit worth up to 2,000perqualifyingchildundertheageof17,andaportionofitisrefundable.2,000 per qualifying child under the age of 17, and a portion of it is refundable.

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Capital Gains Exclusion on Home Sale

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Exclusion of up to 250,000(250,000 (500,000 for married couples filing jointly) of capital gains from the sale of a primary residence, if certain conditions are met.

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State and Local Taxes (SALT)

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Taxpayers can deduct state and local property, income, and sales taxes up to a combined limit of 10,000(10,000 (5,000 if married filing separately).

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Foreign Earned Income Exclusion

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Allows taxpayers living and working outside the U.S. to exclude a certain amount of foreign earned income from U.S. tax (108,700for2021).108,700 for 2021).

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Home Office Deduction

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Deduction for use of a portion of a home exclusively for business purposes, calculated using the simplified option or the regular method.

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