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A complete specification of a strategy for each player in the game which results in an outcome of the game. It comprises all the strategies chosen by all the players in a strategic form game.

A game in which players have incomplete information about the other players, but they have beliefs with known probability distributions, allowing for decision making under uncertainty.

A game where players work together to achieve the best possible outcome for all. Players can form coalitions and may agree on a joint strategy or the division of the payoffs.

A strategy in which a player chooses among the available actions according to a probability distribution. Players may randomize over their actions to keep opponents uncertain and unable to predict their moves.

A strategy that yields the highest payoff for a player, given the strategies that the other players are following. Each player's strategy must be the best response to the strategies chosen by the other players.

A refinement of Nash Equilibrium applicable in extensive form games where the strategy chosen yields a Nash Equilibrium in every subgame of the original game. It eliminates non-credible threats in sequential games.

A situation in a game where no player can benefit by changing their strategy while the other players keep theirs unchanged. It represents a state from which no unilateral deviation is profitable for any player.

In zero-sum games, the minimax theorem states that every player's strategy will minimize the maximum payoff possible for the other player. It leads to a strategy that maximizes a player's minimum payoff.

Information that is known by every player in the game, and all players know that all other players know it, and so on ad infinitum. It is a base assumption that enables the analysis of games and strategies.

A game in which one player’s gain is exactly balanced by the losses of the other player(s). The total utility available in the game is constant and every player's loss or gain is balanced by a loss or gain of the other player(s).

A game in which players make decisions independently. Unlike in cooperative games, there are no binding agreements and players cannot form alliances or coalitions. Nash equilibrium is a key concept in these games.

A strategy choice that involves consistently selecting a particular action from the set of possible actions. In pure strategies, players do not randomize or mix between strategies; they choose one and stick to it.

A strategy that is better than any other strategy for a player, regardless of the strategies chosen by the other players in the game.

A table that describes the payoffs in a strategic game for each possible combination of strategies chosen by the players. It displays the gains or losses (payoffs) for each participant given the strategies chosen by all.