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A technique in which a process is tweaked or modified based on control chart signals to ensure that it remains in a state of statistical control.

The process of selecting a subset of individuals from a population to estimate characteristics of the whole population.

A systematic method to determine the relationship between factors affecting a process and the output of that process.

A management approach to long-term success through customer satisfaction that involves all members of an organization in improving processes, products, and services.

A philosophy that focuses on the ongoing improvement of processes in manufacturing, engineering, and business management.

A bar graph that shows the frequency of defects, as well as their cumulative impact, highlighting the most significant factors in a data set.

A statistical method used to determine whether to accept or reject a quantity of material based on the sampling instead of checking the entire lot.

Process capability indices measure how well a process can produce output within specified limits. Cp is used when the process is centered, while Cpk accounts for centering and spread.

Type I error occurs when a true null hypothesis is incorrectly rejected. Type II error occurs when a false null hypothesis fails to be rejected.

Developed by Genichi Taguchi, these methods improve the quality of manufactured goods through robust design and the minimization of variation.

A graphical representation of the distribution of a set of data that helps to understand its central tendency, dispersion, and shape.

A graph that displays observed data in a time sequence to identify trends, shifts, or patterns that might occur in the process over time.

A statistical technique that tests for differences between two or more group means.

A control chart is used to monitor a process over time for stability and to detect the presence of special-cause variation.

A disciplined, data-driven approach and methodology for eliminating defects in any process, aiming for no more than 3.4 defects per million opportunities.

A method of quality control which employs statistical methods to monitor and control a process, ensuring that it operates at its full potential.

A measure of the amount of variation or dispersion of a set of values, indicating how much individual values typically differ from the mean.

A graph of plotted points that show the relationship between two sets of data.

Also known as a Fishbone or Ishikawa diagram, it is a tool used to identify the likely causes of defects or problems within a process.