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Determines if the mean of a single sample is significantly different from a known population mean. Used when population variance is unknown and sample size is small (n<30).

A statistical significance test used for small sample sizes and used when the assumptions of the chi-square test are not met.

A non-parametric test that measures the strength and direction of association between two ranked variables.

Tests whether the observed categorical data distribution differs from an expected distribution.

Compares the means of two related groups. Used when the data is paired or matched, as in before-and-after observations.

Tests for significant differences among group means for three or more groups. Assumption of normally distributed populations with equal variances.

Compares the means of two independent populations. Used when both sample sizes are large and population variances are known.

Compares survival distributions of two or more groups. Typically used in clinical trials or survival analysis to compare the survival function between groups.

A non-parametric version of ANOVA, used when the assumptions for ANOVA are not met but we want to compare three or more independent groups.

Determines the strength and direction of the linear relationship between two continuous variables.

Used to model the relationship between a dependent variable and one or more independent variables, producing an equation of the form $y = \beta_0 + \beta_1x_1 + ... + \beta_nx_n$.

Tests for changes in proportions for paired binary data. Commonly used in before-and-after studies to determine if an intervention has had an effect.

Determines if there is an association between two categorical variables.

Tests for differences between two related samples when the measurement variable is ordinal or continuous but not normally distributed.

Compares differences between two independent groups when the dependent variable is either ordinal or continuous but not normally distributed.

Extends linear regression to include multiple independent variables. The model equation is $y = \beta_0 + \beta_1x_1 + ... + \beta_nx_n$ where $n>1$.

Tests if the mean of a single population is equal to a specified value. Used for large sample sizes (n>30) with known population variance.

A non-parametric alternative to repeated measures ANOVA, used when data violates the assumptions of ANOVA and is ordinal or not normally distributed.

Compares the means of two independent samples. Appropriate when sample sizes are small, variances are unknown but assumed to be equal, and populations are normally distributed.