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Known for elaborate ornamentation and complex counterpoint. Famous composers include Johann Sebastian Bach, George Frideric Handel, and Antonio Vivaldi.

Characterized by clarity, balance, and formality. Famous composers include Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Ludwig van Beethoven (early), and Joseph Haydn.

Emphasized emotion and individualism, expanded orchestras. Famous composers include Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky, Johannes Brahms, and Frédéric Chopin.

Focused on suggestion and atmosphere. Famous composers include Claude Debussy and Maurice Ravel.

Marked by stylistic diversity and innovation. Famous composers include Igor Stravinsky, Arnold Schoenberg, and Béla Bartók.

Focused on vocal music with smooth polyphony. Famous composers include Josquin des Prez, Thomas Tallis, and Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina.

Beginning of notated European music, mostly vocal. Famous composers include Hildegard of Bingen and Guillaume de Machaut.

Characterized by repetition and phasing. Famous composers include Steve Reich, Philip Glass, and Terry Riley.

Aimed at expressing meaning or emotional experience rather than physical reality. Famous composers include Arnold Schoenberg and Alban Berg.

Based on the method of 12-tone technique, structuring pieces using series of pitches, dynamics, rhythms. Composers include Anton Webern and Pierre Boulez.

Draws upon the style and form of earlier classical music. Composers include Igor Stravinsky and Sergei Prokofiev.