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Common Piano Terms
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Allegro
Fast, quickly and bright
Forte
Loud, strong
Piano
Soft, quiet
Adagio
Slowly, leisurely
Andante
At a walking pace
Moderato
Moderately
Presto
Very fast
Fortissimo
Very loud
Pianissimo
Very soft
Ritardando
Gradually slowing down
Accelerando
Gradually speeding up
Legato
Smooth and connected
Staccato
Detached or disconnected
Crescendo
Gradually getting louder
Decrescendo
Gradually getting softer
Fermata
Pause, hold the note longer than its value
Rubato
Flexible in tempo, expressive and free
Da capo
From the beginning
Dal segno
From the sign
Fine
End, the end of a piece or section
Con brio
With spirit or vigor
Mezzo forte
Moderately loud
Mezzo piano
Moderately soft
Sforzando
A sudden, sharp accent
Lento
Slowly
Vivace
Lively and fast
Largo
Very slow and broad
Prestissimo
Extremely fast
Tenuto
Hold or sustain
Rallentando
Gradually getting slower
Allargando
Broadening, becoming slower
Meno mosso
Less motion or slower
Più mosso
More motion or faster
Allegretto
Moderately fast, but less than allegro
Simile
In the same way
Sostenuto
Sustained, often with a slower tempo
Tranquillo
Calmly, peacefully
Animato
Animated, lively
Marcato
Marked, accented
Pesante
Heavy, with importance
Maestoso
Majestically
Morendo
Dying away, fading
Dolce
Sweetly, softly
Espressivo
Expressive, with expression
Agitato
Agitated, restless
Grave
Very slow, serious and solemn
Scherzando
Playfully, jokingly
Brillante
Brilliant, sparkling
Risoluto
Resolved, with firmness
Subito
Suddenly
Sonoro
Sonorous, resonant
Con moto
With motion
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