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Musical Notations and Meanings

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Alto Clef

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A symbol where the third line of the staff denotes middle C, commonly used for viola music.

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Natural (♮)

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A symbol that cancels any previous sharps or flats on a note and returns it to its original pitch.

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Dal Segno (D.S.)

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A directive to repeat a section of music starting from the sign (segno).

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Dynamics

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Symbols or words that indicate the loudness or softness of the music, as well as the way in which loud and soft passages are to be played.

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Accelerando (accel.)

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A term indicating that the music should gradually speed up.

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Pedal Mark

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Indicates when the sustain pedal of the piano should be pressed or released.

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Treble Clef

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A symbol indicating that the second line from the bottom of the staff represents the pitch G above middle C.

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Eighth Note

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A musical note with the time value of half a beat in common time.

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Sharp (#)

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A symbol that raises the pitch of a note by one half step.

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Metronome Mark

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A number often given at the start of a piece of music, indicating the exact tempo.

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Trill (tr)

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A musical ornament that consists of a rapid alternation between two adjacent notes, usually a semitone or tone apart.

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Forte (f)

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A dynamic marking that indicates the music should be played loudly.

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Sixteenth Note

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A musical note with the time value of a quarter of a beat in common time.

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Accent

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A symbol indicating the note should be played with more emphasis or attack.

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Key Signature

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A set of sharp or flat symbols placed at the beginning of a staff to indicate the key of the piece of music.

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Fermata

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A symbol placed over a note or a rest indicating it should be held longer than its notated duration.

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Decrescendo or Diminuendo

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A symbol indicating that the volume should gradually decrease.

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Glissando

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A glide from one pitch to another, ensuring that every intermediate note is heard.

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Arpeggio

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A broken chord where the notes are played in succession rather than simultaneously.

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Quarter Note

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A musical note with the time value of one beat in common time.

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Slur

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A curved line indicating that the notes it encompasses should be played legato, or smoothly connected.

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Coda

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A concluding section of a piece of music, sometimes using new material, sometimes a summarization.

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Bass Clef

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A symbol indicating that the fourth line from the bottom of the staff represents the pitch F below middle C.

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Tenor Clef

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A symbol where the fourth line of the staff denotes middle C; often used for high-range instruments like the cello and trombone.

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Whole Note

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A musical note with the time value of four beats in common time, represented as an open note head without a stem.

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Repeat Sign

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Two dots with a double bar line, indicating a section of music that should be repeated.

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Mordent

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An ornament indicating that a note should be played with a rapid alternation with the note above or below.

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Tie

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A curved line connecting two notes of the same pitch, indicating they should be played as a single note with a combined duration.

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Staccato

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A dot above or below a note head indicating the note should be played shortly and detached.

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Piano (p)

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A dynamic marking that indicates the music should be played softly.

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Dotted Note

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A dot after a note that increases the note's duration by half of its original value.

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Time Signature

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A symbol at the beginning of a piece of music indicating how many beats are in each measure and which note value is equivalent to one beat.

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Grace Note

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A type of musical ornament that is played as a quick, extra note just before the main note of a melody, adding embellishment.

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Crescendo

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A symbol indicating that the volume should gradually increase.

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Fine

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A term used to denote the end of a piece of music or the end of a particular section.

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Tempo

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The speed or pace of a given piece of music.

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Flat (♭)

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A symbol that lowers the pitch of a note by one half step.

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Half Note

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A musical note with the time value of two beats in common time.

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Segno

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A special sign used to mark a place in the music from which a D.S. (Dal Segno) indication would commence.

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Ritardando (rit.)

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A term indicating that the music should gradually slow down.

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Pizzicato

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A technique where stringed instruments are played by plucking the strings with the fingers instead of using the bow.

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Sforzando (sfz)

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A musical indication for a sudden and strong accent on a note or chord.

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Da Capo (D.C.)

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A directive to repeat a section of music from the beginning.

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