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Piano Articulations

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Trill

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Definition: A rapid alternation between two adjacent notes, usually a semitone or tone apart. How to Play: Alternate quickly between the written note and the one above for the duration indicated.

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Fermata

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Definition: Sustain the note longer than its original value. How to Play: Hold the note until it feels natural to release, depending on the musical context.

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Arpeggio

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Definition: Notes of a chord are played in a sequence, one after the other, rather than simultaneously. How to Play: Roll the chord from the lowest to highest note swiftly.

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Legato

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Definition: Notes played smoothly and connected. How to Play: Press the next key before releasing the previous one to avoid any silence between notes.

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Marcato

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Definition: Marked and emphasized, stronger than an accent. How to Play: Play the note with a sharp attack and with more force.

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Pizzicato

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Definition: Usually for string instruments, indicating to pluck the strings instead of bowing. How to Play: For piano, it's interpreted as a very light staccato.

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Portato

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Definition: Combination of staccato and legato; lightly detached and connected notes. How to Play: Execute as a series of gently pulsed legato notes.

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Glissando

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Definition: Slide from one note to another. How to Play: Glide your finger(s) over the keys from one note to the target note.

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Staccatissimo

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Definition: Extremely short and separated, more so than staccato. How to Play: Play the key with an even shorter, crisper detachment than staccato.

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Mordent

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Definition: A rapid alternation between a note and the note immediately above or below it. How to Play: Quickly alternate between the note and the adjacent one in a single gesture.

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Accent

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Definition: Emphasize the note. How to Play: Strike the key with more force than the surrounding notes.

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Staccato

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Definition: A note played quickly, separated from the others. How to Play: Release the key rapidly to create a short, detached sound.

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Tenuto

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Definition: Hold the note for its full value, sometimes slightly longer. How to Play: Keep the finger on the key without releasing it early.

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Sforzando

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Definition: A sudden, strong accent. How to Play: Play the noted with a sudden and forceful emphasis.

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Rinforzando

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Definition: Gradually reinforce the intensity of a note or chord. How to Play: Begin the note softly and increase pressure to end it more loudly.

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