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Optics and Lenses in Lighting

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Zoom Lens

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Allows for adjustment of the beam size and focus, accommodating different throw distances within the same fixture.

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Light Pipe or Fiber Optics

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Transfers light from one point to another via internal reflection, allowing for flexibility in where light is emitted and for special effects applications.

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Concave Lens

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Diverges light rays away from a focal point, creating a spread of light useful for effects such as wall washes.

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Diffusion Filter

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A filter that scatters light to create a soft glow and reduce harsh shadows, frequently used for more flattering lighting in film and photography.

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Ellipsoidal Reflector Spotlight

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Uses an ellipsoidal reflector to direct light through a lens for sharp focus and shaping of the beam with shutters.

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Convex Lens

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Converges light rays to a focal point, can be used for spotlight effects or magnification.

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Pepper's Ghost

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An illusion technique using glass and special lighting effects to create transparent ghost-like images on stage.

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Parabolic Aluminized Reflector (PAR)

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Contains a parabolic reflector that collects and focuses the light into a beam, commonly used for concerts and events.

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Aspheric Lens

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Minimizes spherical aberration and can manipulate light to be more uniformly focused or to create a particular desired spread pattern.

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Beam Projector

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Utilizes no lens but a very narrow beam reflector to create intense, collimated light beams.

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Softbox

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A light modification tool which diffuses the light into a pleasing, soft, even light. Often used in photography and film.

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Cyc Light

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Designed to provide even, wash lighting onto a cyclorama or backcloth, often with a series of convex or fresnel lenses.

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Step Lens

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Has a stepped shape that allows for more control over the distribution of light, commonly used in architectural lighting.

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Snoot

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A tube or similar apparatus that fits over a lighting fixture to control spill and direct a narrower beam of light.

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Barn Doors

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Adjustable flaps that attach to the front of a lighting fixture, used to shape and control the spread of the light beam.

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Prism

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Splits light into its spectral components, creating a rainbow effect or used to adjust beam direction without moving the light source.

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Plano-Convex Lens

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Features one flat side and one convex side, concentrates light rays to a focal point, suitable for spotlighting.

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Fresnel Lens

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Creates a soft-edged beam of light that is efficient for wash lighting, often used in stage lighting.

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Gobo

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A stencil or template placed inside or in front of a light source to shape the light into specific patterns or images.

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Dichroic Filter

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Reflects certain wavelengths while allowing others to pass through, creating specific color effects without absorbing much heat.

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