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Aesthetics in Architecture
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Futurism
An early 20th century architectural style that emphasized speed, technology, youth, and violence, all of which were expected to usher in the new utopian age.
Critical Regionalism
An approach to architecture that strives to counter the placelessness and lack of identity of the International Style by using the building's geographical context.
Renaissance Architecture
A revival of Classical architecture from the 14th to the 17th century, characterized by symmetry, proportion, geometry and regularity of parts as they are demonstrated in the architecture of classical antiquity.
Art Nouveau
An ornamental style of art that flourished between about 1890 and 1910 throughout Europe and the United States. Art Nouveau is characterized by its use of a long, sinuous, organic line.
Art Deco
A style of visual arts, architecture, and design that first appeared in France just before World War I and became prevalent in the 1920s and 1930s, characterized by precise and boldly delineated geometric shapes and strong colors.
Organic Architecture
A philosophy of architecture that promotes harmony between human habitation and the natural world through design approaches so sympathetic and well integrated with its site, that buildings and surroundings become part of a unified, interrelated composition.
Streamline Moderne
A late type of the Art Deco architecture and design that emerged in the 1930s, emphasized curving forms, long horizontal lines, and sometimes nautical elements.
Memphis Style
An Italian design and architecture group founded in Milan by Ettore Sottsass that designed postmodern furniture, fabrics, ceramics, glass, and metal objects from 1981 to 1987.
Constructivism
A form of modern architecture that developed in Soviet Russia from 1914 onward and was characterized by a combination of advanced engineering and a visual art sensibility.
Deconstructivism
An architectural movement that began in the late 20th century. It is characterized by fragmentation, an interest in manipulating a structure's surface, skin, and non-rectilinear shapes which appear to distort and dislocate elements of architecture.
International Style
An architectural style that developed in the 1920s and 1930s and became the dominant mode of western architecture during the middle decades of the 20th century. It is characterized by simple geometric forms, lack of ornamentation, and the use of glass and steel.
Brutalism
Characterized by stark, geometric designs and the expressive use of bare building materials, especially concrete.
Gothic Architecture
Medieval architectural style characterized by pointed arches, ribbed vaults, and flying buttresses, which allowed buildings to be taller and windows to be larger.
Modernism
Architectural style that embraced minimalism and rejected ornament, focusing on the use of modern materials, structural innovation, and the principle of 'form follows function'.
Classical Architecture
Design based on ancient Greek and Roman architectural principles, emphasizing symmetry and harmony.
Bauhaus
An influential art and design movement that promoted the unity of art, craft, and technology. This approach became the foundation of much of modernist architecture.
Neoclassical Architecture
Revival of Classical Greek and Roman architecture, which began in the mid-18th century and grew in popularity throughout Europe and the United States during the 19th century.
High-Tech Architecture
An architectural style that incorporates elements of high-tech industry and technology into building design. Visible structural elements and services are often a design focus.
Postmodern Architecture
An architectural style that emerged as a reaction against the austerity, formality, and lack of variety of modern architecture, particularly the international style.
Green Architecture
An approach to building that minimizes the harmful effects on human health and the environment, often using sustainable materials, energy efficiency, and a conscious approach to siting and resource use.
Baroque Architecture
A style originating in late 16th-century Italy, characterized by dramatic use of light and shadow, grandeur, and a sense of movement within the structures.
Expressionism
An architectural movement that developed in Europe during the early 20th century, characterized by the expression of inner experiences and an emphasis on dynamic and distorted forms.
Parametricism
A style within contemporary avant-garde architecture, promoted as a successor to postmodern architecture and modern architecture, characterized by the use of computer algorithms to manipulate the shapes and surfaces of buildings.
Contextualism
An architectural and urban design paradigm that considers the surrounding environment and cultural context when designing a building or structure.
Byzantine Architecture
A style of building that developed in the Byzantine Empire characterized by massive domes with square bases and rounded arches and spires and extensive use of mosaics.
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