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Cross-Cultural Aesthetics

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Japonisme

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An influence of Japanese art, fashion, and aesthetics on Western culture, particularly in the 19th century following Japan’s opening to international trade.

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Chinoiserie

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A European imitative style reflecting Chinese artistic influences, elaborately and whimsically applied to a wide range of decorative arts or garden structures in the 18th century.

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Ubuntu

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An African philosophy that places emphasis on 'being self through others'. It is a belief in a universal bond of sharing that connects all humanity.

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Art Deco

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An influential visual arts design style which first appeared in France before World War I, featuring bold geometric forms and bright colors, and exuding elegance, glamour, functionality, and modernity.

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Suprematism

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An early 20th-century art movement focused on basic geometric forms, such as circles, squares, lines, and rectangles, created by the Russian avant-garde, with an emphasis on pure artistic feeling rather than on visual depiction of objects.

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Mandala

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A spiritual and ritual symbol in Hinduism and Buddhism, representing the universe. This geometric design expresses complex philosophical ideas and a quest for unity and harmony.

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Hygge

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A Scandinavian term that describes a quality of coziness and comfortable conviviality that engenders a feeling of contentment or well-being.

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Wabi-Sabi

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A Japanese aesthetic concept centered on the acceptance of transience and imperfection. The beauty is found in the imperfection and the cycle of growth and decay.

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Bauhaus

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A German art school operational from 1919 to 1933 that combined crafts and the fine arts. The school became known for its approach to design, which aimed to reconcile art and industrial mass production.

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Minimalism

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An aesthetic movement that emerged in post–World War II Western art, most strongly with American visual arts. It focuses on stripping down elements to their essentials.

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Maqam

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An Arabic term referring to the set of pitches and traditional melody types used in Arabic music, which carries the aesthetic essence of Middle Eastern art.

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Baroque

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A highly decorative and theatrical style used in visual arts, architecture, music, and literature, originating in Europe in the 17th century that emphasized grandeur and richness.

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Feng Shui

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An ancient Chinese philosophical system of harmonizing the human existence with the surrounding environment. It is often connected with arranging spaces to ensure harmony and balance.

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Romanticism

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An artistic, literary, and intellectual movement that originated in Europe toward the end of the 18th century. It emphasized emotion, individualism, and nature as opposed to the Enlightenment focus on reason and order.

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Surrealism

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A 20th-century avant-garde movement in art and literature which sought to release the creative potential of the unconscious mind, often manifested through strange images and illogical scenes.

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