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A physical/visual boundary where sky separates from land or water. In art, it's the level at which the earth's surface and the sky appear to meet. It's the eye-level of the observer.

A point in a perspective drawing to which parallel lines appear to converge. It's the spot on the horizon where objects become infinitely small and help to establish a sense of space and depth.

An Italian term describing a human figure standing with most of its weight on one foot so that its shoulders and arms twist off-axis from the hips and legs. This pose is used to give the figure a more dynamic, and often more realistic, quality.

A method of drawing where lines appear to converge at two separate points on the horizon to represent depth and volume. This is helpful for drawing objects that are oriented at an angle to the viewer.

A method by which an image captures how light would project from a three-dimensional object onto a two-dimensional plane. This mathematical concept is fundamental in creating correct perspective in artworks.

A tool used by artists to frame a scene and help them focus on the composition of their work. It is especially useful in establishing the elements of perspective and how they relate to each other within the frame.

Refers to the size of an object in relation to another within an artwork. Larger objects will appear closer to the observer, and smaller objects further away, assuming they are supposed to be the same size in reality.

A technique used to create the illusion of depth by reducing color saturation, value contrast, and detail as objects recede into the distance, mimicking the natural way the atmosphere affects the human eye.

When objects that are closer to the viewer prevent the view of objects that are behind them, it signifies depth. It is a simple way to show which elements are in front and which are in the background.

In perspective drawing, divergence refers to the way parallel lines seem to spread apart as they get closer to the viewer, contrary to convergence which happens as they move away and towards the vanishing point.

A form of graphic representation in which all three dimensions of an object are shown in one view and the scale does not diminish with distance. It's commonly used in technical drawings.

A drawing method that shows how things appear to get smaller as they get further away, converging towards a single 'vanishing point' on the horizon. This technique is used to create the illusion of depth in a 2D artwork.

An Italian term that means 'light-dark'. In art, it refers to the use of strong contrasts between light and dark to give the illusion of volume in modeling three-dimensional objects and figures.

A technique used in perspective to represent an object or human body in a picture in depth. Elements closer to the viewer are depicted as larger than those further away, even if they are the same size in reality.

Similar to atmospheric perspective, this technique simulates how the atmosphere affects our perception of distant objects. It depicts how objects at a great distance and often high in the background look paler, less distinct and bluish.

The measure or quality of the spatial extension in an artwork. It is the semblance of thickness or breadth; the illusion of space that exists in three-dimensional form within the two-dimensional space of the work.

In the context of perspective drawing, the picture plane is the surface of the painting or drawing, an imaginary transparent plane through which the artist sees the subject of the painting.

In creating the illusion of depth, highlight and shadow play a key role, helping to define the shapes and the contours of objects, hinting at where the light source is coming from and adding dimensionality to the artwork.

A perspective drawing method featuring three vanishing points (two on the horizon and one either above or below). It's used to depict a viewpoint looking up or down at an object, often giving a sense of grandeur or scale.