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Contrast is the juxtaposition of opposing elements (e.g., light vs. dark, rough vs. smooth) which can emphasize differences and add interest to the composition.

Radial balance is when elements radiate from a central point, creating a circular composition. It often gives a feeling of movement and can focus attention inward.

Diagonal balance occurs when elements align or are distributed along a diagonal axis. It adds an element of drama and action to the composition.

White space, or negative space, is the unmarked space in the composition. It can prevent overcrowding, help to define the importance of elements, and give the viewer's eyes a place to rest.

Repetition involves using the same or similar elements throughout the composition. This technique can create rhythm and unity in the artwork.

Symmetrical balance is a compositional technique where elements are arranged evenly around a central axis. It gives the viewer a sense of stability and formality.

A focal point attracts the viewer's eye to the most important part of the composition. It's achieved through contrast, placement, isolation, or use of a prominent feature.

Unity is the sense of harmony between all parts of the artwork, creating a cohesive composition. It's achieved through the use of similar elements, color schemes, or compositional techniques.

Vertical balance involves the up and down distribution of elements in a composition. It can project strength and signify power or growth.

Hierarchy in composition refers to elements arranged in a way that implies importance, often achieved through scaling, contrasting, or placing at focal points. It guides the viewer through the visual structure of the artwork.

Horizontal balance refers to the distribution of elements across the horizontal axis of the frame. This balance can impart a sense of calm and stability.

The Golden Ratio is a mathematical ratio, approximately 1.618:1, often seen in nature and used in design for aesthetically pleasing proportions. It guides the placement of elements within the composition.

Asymmetrical balance involves the arrangement of visual elements in a way that does not mirror each side yet still achieves a sense of balance. It creates dynamic interest and movement.

Mosaic balance is achieved by spreading out the visual weight of elements evenly across the artwork, often used in complex patterns or tessellations. It can intrigue viewers with its complexity.