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Aims to channel the unconscious to unlock the power of the imagination. Salvador Dali and Rene Magritte are well-known surrealists.

Incorporates elements from popular and mass culture, such as advertisements, comic strips, and mundane cultural objects. Andy Warhol and Roy Lichtenstein are iconic pop artists.

Characterized by large-scale works, a lack of clear focus, and spontaneity. Key figures include Jackson Pollock and Mark Rothko.

Characterized by clarity, order, and balance. Inspired by the art and culture of ancient Greece and Rome. Examples include the works of Johann Joachim Winckelmann and the architecture of Andrea Palladio.

Known for its ornate and flowing designs inspired by natural forms. Artists like Alphonse Mucha and architect Antoni Gaudí are well-known for their Art Nouveau works.

Dutch for 'The Style', it advocates for pure abstraction and universality by reducing to the essentials of form and color. Piet Mondrian and Theo van Doesburg are notable proponents.

Combines an appreciation of technology with social purpose, focusing on construction rather than composition. Key artists include Vladimir Tatlin and Alexander Rodchenko.

Focused on emotion, intuition, and the sublime. Often included themes of nature and the individual's expression against societal norms. Notable figures include William Wordsworth and Caspar David Friedrich.

Emphasizes speed, technology, youth, and violence, often expressing an enthusiasm for the modern world. Italian artists like Filippo Tommaso Marinetti and Umberto Boccioni were at its forefront.

Broke objects into pieces and reassembled them in abstract form. Pioneered by Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque.

An avant-garde movement marked by its mockery of materialistic and nationalistic attitudes. It was embraced by artists like Marcel Duchamp.

Revives the styles of classical antiquity, emphasizing austerity and virtue. Jacques-Louis David and Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres are famous neoclassicists.

Seeks to express subjective emotional experience rather than physical reality. Notable expressionists include Edvard Munch and Egon Schiele.

Aim to depict subjects as they are in real life without idealization. Artists such as Gustave Courbet and writers like Honore de Balzac are key figures.

Features small, thin, yet visible brush strokes, open composition, and emphasis on light. Masters include Claude Monet and Edgar Degas.

Focuses on simplicity and objectivity, using monochromatic color schemes and simplified compositions. Artists like Donald Judd and Dan Flavin exemplify this movement.

Characterized by rich colors, bold geometry, and decadent detail work. Examples include the Chrysler Building in New York and works by Tamara de Lempicka.

Coincides with the peak of the Renaissance and characterized by an emphasis on symmetry, balance, and the integration of sculpture, painting, and architecture. Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Raphael are iconic figures.

Features dramatic use of light, intense emotions, and a sense of movement. Peter Paul Rubens and Gian Lorenzo Bernini are exemplars of Baroque art.

Known for its elaborate ornamentation, pastel colors, and asymmetrical designs. Jean-Honoré Fragonard and Giovanni Battista Tiepolo are noted Rococo artists.

A reaction against Impressionists' concern for the naturalistic depiction of light and color. Led to more expressive and abstract forms. Vincent van Gogh and Paul Cézanne were major post-impressionists.

Characterized by Christian subject matter, extensive use of gold, and a stylization of figures. Known for iconic mosaics and the architecture of Hagia Sophia.

An influential school of art, design, and architecture that espoused 'form follows function' and combined crafts and fine arts. Walter Gropius and Ludwig Mies van der Rohe were leading figures.

Sought to represent absolute truths through symbols and metaphorical images as opposed to overtly realistic depictions. Gustave Moreau and Odilon Redon are notable symbolist artists.