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Founder of the Deep Ecology movement, promoting an ecological philosophy that deepens the understanding of nature.

Critiqued anthropocentrism in Western philosophy and argued for a relational, more inclusive approach to the environment.

Advocates for biodiversity and criticizes the globalized agricultural industry’s impact on the environment and society.

His activism helped to preserve the wilderness in the United States and laid the foundation for the modern environmental movement.

Advocate for action on climate change, emphasizing the impact of global warming and the need for sustainable living.

Highlighted the dangers of chemical pesticides to ecosystems and human health, fueling the environmental movement.

Criticized the narrative of nature as a resource to be exploited and highlighted the partnership ethic.

His writings reflect an early awareness of ecological interdependence and nature preservation.

Argued that the roots of ecological crisis lie in Western religious and scientific traditions which promote human dominance over nature.

Critic of Malthusianism who believed that human innovation and ingenuity can overcome environmental and resource challenges.

Developed the concept of 'land ethic' where he reconceived the relationship between humans and nature.

Known for advocating animal liberation and emphasizing the suffering of sentient beings.

Developed the biocentric outlook, advocating for the intrinsic value of all living beings regardless of their utility to humans.