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Documents required by the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) that assess the environmental effects of proposed federal actions. Ethical implications include transparency and considering environmental justice in federal decisions and development projects.

A principle to take preventive action in the face of uncertainty, shifting the burden of proof to harm could potentially be avoided. Ethically, it supports proactivity to prevent harm, especially in cases affecting susceptible communities.

The Flint Water Crisis is a case study of environmental racism and injustice where a change in water source led to lead contamination affecting a majority African American city. Ethical impact includes the accountability of government officials and ensuring clean water as a basic human right.

The Principles of Environmental Justice outline the tenets for a sustainable and equitable world, including the right to ecological balance, public participation, and reparations for victims of environmental injustice. Ethical implications include upholding these principles in policy-making and industry practices.

A case study where residents of Warren County, North Carolina protested the dumping of PCB-contaminated soil in their community. Ethically significant as it highlights activism against environmental injustices that target low-income, predominantly African American communities.

NIMBY is a phenomenon where residents oppose certain developments (e.g., landfills, factories) in their own neighborhoods. Ethically, this often shifts burdens to less powerful communities, which must be addressed for fair distribution of environmental risks.

An environmental justice mapping and screening tool provided by the EPA to identify communities affected by environmental burdens. Ethically, it serves to make data-driven decisions to alleviate disproportionate environmental impacts on certain populations.

Environmental racism refers to the disproportionate impact of environmental hazards on people of color. Ethical implications include addressing historical injustices and ensuring equal protection from environmental risks for all communities.

A market-based approach to controlling pollution by providing economic incentives for achieving reductions in the emissions of pollutants. Ethical concerns arise over the potential for creating 'hot spots' where pollution is concentrated.

The economic and political divide between the more developed countries (Global North) and the less developed countries (Global South). Ethically, it is significant for understanding the distribution of environmental burdens and benefits on a global scale.

Communities that are directly adjacent to polluting industries, often low-income and minority groups, facing increased health and environmental risks. Ethical concerns include the need for policy measures that protect these communities and prevent exploitation.

Environmental justice is the movement to ensure that all people, regardless of race or income, have the same degree of protection from environmental and health hazards, as well as equal access to decision-making processes that help create a healthy environment. Ethically, it seeks fairness and non-discrimination in environmental policy.

Climate justice is addressing the ethical aspects of climate change, ensuring that the burden of climate change consequences and mitigation efforts are shared fairly, without disadvantaging certain groups. It deals with intergenerational fairness and global inequality.

This term refers to how different forms of discrimination (race, class, gender) intersect, needing a multifaceted approach to environmental justice. Ethically, it broadens the scope of advocacy to include all affected groups in environmental decision-making.