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Eyewitnesses may reconstruct memories when trying to recall an event, leading to inaccuracies due to suggestion or bias, which can result in wrongful convictions.

Witnesses often focus on a weapon during a crime, impairing their ability to remember other details, which can diminish the reliability of their testimony.

High levels of stress or anxiety during an event can negatively impact an eyewitness's memory accuracy, potentially leading to incorrect identifications.

Eyewitnesses may have difficulty identifying individuals of a race different from their own, increasing the chance of misidentification and wrongful convictions.

Eyewitnesses can incorporate misleading post-event information into their memory of the event, known as the misinformation effect, leading to false testimony.

A witness's confidence in their memory does not necessarily correlate with accuracy, yet jury members may interpret high confidence as a sign of reliability.

Children's memories can be particularly suggestible and less reliable, which must be cautiously handled to avoid injustice in legal proceedings.

Memories can degrade over time, which may lead to eyewitnesses providing less accurate information the longer the delay between the event and testimony.

New information learned after an event can interfere with the retrieval of memory of the original event, potentially altering eyewitness testimony.

Poorly constructed lineups can lead to misidentification, either by making the suspect stand out or through the inclusion of leading choices.

Pre-trial publicity can prejudice an eyewitness's recall and testimony, which may affect the fairness of the trial and the justice outcome.