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Pretrial publicity can lead to jury bias by shaping their perceptions of the defendant before hearing any evidence in the courtroom.

Jurors may be influenced by a defendant's race, gender, attractiveness, or socioeconomic status, which can impact their judgments of credibility and guilt.

Complexity and clarity of the instructions can affect jurors' understanding and application of the law, influencing their decisions.

Juries can struggle with complex evidence or scientific testimony, which can lead to misunderstanding or a discounting of such evidence.

The credibility of witnesses and the confidence they express may significantly affect a jury's verdict decisions.

Experts can profoundly sway a jury due to the perceived authority of their opinions, though jurors may not always evaluate the content critically.

Jurors might identify with people from similar backgrounds or experiences as themselves, potentially impacting impartiality.

More severe crimes can evoke stronger emotions and moral reactions, which can influence a juror's decision-making process.

Knowledge of potential punishment can impact jurors' decisions, sometimes leading to a compromise or avoidance of a guilty verdict if the punishment seems too harsh.

Cognitive biases, such as the confirmation or availability heuristic, can lead jurors to pay attention to evidence that confirms pre-existing beliefs or is most readily at hand.

The ability of jurors to understand and recall information presented during a trial affects their decision-making, potentially causing them to focus on certain aspects over others.