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Biochemistry Basics

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Cellulose

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Function: Structural component of plant cell walls, Structure Category: Carbohydrate

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Glutathione

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Function: Reducing agent, helps to prevent damage to important cellular components caused by reactive oxygen species such as free radicals and peroxides, Structure Category: Tripeptide

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Lipoproteins

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Function: Transport lipids in the blood, Structure Category: Complex (Proteins with lipids)

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Peptidoglycan

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Function: Structural support in bacterial cell walls, Structure Category: Polysaccharide

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Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)

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Function: Transmits genetic information, protein synthesis, Structure Category: Nucleic Acid

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Retinal (Vitamin A aldehyde)

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Function: Absorbs light in the photoreceptors, function in vision, and a precursor in the synthesis of retinoic acid, Structure Category: Small Molecule

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Triglycerides

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Function: Energy storage, insulation, Structure Category: Lipid

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Insulin

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Function: Regulates blood glucose levels, Structure Category: Protein

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ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)

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Function: Transports chemical energy within cells for metabolism, Structure Category: Nucleotide

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Heparin

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Function: Anticoagulant, preventing blood clotting, Structure Category: Polysaccharide

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Steroids

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Function: Serve as hormones and components of cell membrane, Structure Category: Lipid

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Hemoglobin

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Function: Transports oxygen in the blood, Structure Category: Protein

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Ubiquinone (Coenzyme Q10)

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Function: Electron transporter in the mitochondrial electron transport chain, Structure Category: Lipid

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Collagen

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Function: Provides structural support in connective tissue, Structure Category: Protein

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Phospholipids

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Function: Make up the cell membrane, Structure Category: Lipid

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Cyclic AMP (cAMP)

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Function: Secondary messenger in hormonal signaling, Structure Category: Nucleotide

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Glucose

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Function: Primary energy source for cells, Structure Category: Carbohydrate

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Acetyl-CoA

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Function: Conveys the carbon atoms within the acetyl group to the citric acid cycle to be oxidized for energy production, Structure Category: Metabolite

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Prostaglandins

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Function: Local hormone-like chemical messengers, involved in inflammation and other bodily functions, Structure Category: Lipid

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Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)

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Function: Stores genetic information, Structure Category: Nucleic Acid

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Enzymes

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Function: Catalyze biochemical reactions, Structure Category: Protein

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Cholesterol

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Function: Precursor for steroid hormones and bile acids, Structure Category: Lipid

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Myosin

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Function: Muscle contraction and movement, Structure Category: Protein

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NADH

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Function: Electron carrier in cellular respiration, Structure Category: Coenzyme

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Cytokines

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Function: Signaling proteins mediating immunity, inflammation, and hematopoiesis, Structure Category: Protein

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Keratin

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Function: Structural support and protection, found in hair, nails, and skin, Structure Category: Protein

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FADH2

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Function: Electron carrier in cellular respiration, Structure Category: Coenzyme

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Haemocyanin

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Function: Oxygen transport in the blood of some arthropods and mollusks, Structure Category: Protein

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Amylase

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Function: Catalyzes the hydrolysis of starch into sugars, Structure Category: Protein

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Glycogen

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Function: Energy storage in animals, Structure Category: Carbohydrate

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