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Biochemistry Basics
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Cellulose
Function: Structural component of plant cell walls, Structure Category: Carbohydrate
Glutathione
Function: Reducing agent, helps to prevent damage to important cellular components caused by reactive oxygen species such as free radicals and peroxides, Structure Category: Tripeptide
Lipoproteins
Function: Transport lipids in the blood, Structure Category: Complex (Proteins with lipids)
Peptidoglycan
Function: Structural support in bacterial cell walls, Structure Category: Polysaccharide
Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)
Function: Transmits genetic information, protein synthesis, Structure Category: Nucleic Acid
Retinal (Vitamin A aldehyde)
Function: Absorbs light in the photoreceptors, function in vision, and a precursor in the synthesis of retinoic acid, Structure Category: Small Molecule
Triglycerides
Function: Energy storage, insulation, Structure Category: Lipid
Insulin
Function: Regulates blood glucose levels, Structure Category: Protein
ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)
Function: Transports chemical energy within cells for metabolism, Structure Category: Nucleotide
Heparin
Function: Anticoagulant, preventing blood clotting, Structure Category: Polysaccharide
Steroids
Function: Serve as hormones and components of cell membrane, Structure Category: Lipid
Hemoglobin
Function: Transports oxygen in the blood, Structure Category: Protein
Ubiquinone (Coenzyme Q10)
Function: Electron transporter in the mitochondrial electron transport chain, Structure Category: Lipid
Collagen
Function: Provides structural support in connective tissue, Structure Category: Protein
Phospholipids
Function: Make up the cell membrane, Structure Category: Lipid
Cyclic AMP (cAMP)
Function: Secondary messenger in hormonal signaling, Structure Category: Nucleotide
Glucose
Function: Primary energy source for cells, Structure Category: Carbohydrate
Acetyl-CoA
Function: Conveys the carbon atoms within the acetyl group to the citric acid cycle to be oxidized for energy production, Structure Category: Metabolite
Prostaglandins
Function: Local hormone-like chemical messengers, involved in inflammation and other bodily functions, Structure Category: Lipid
Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
Function: Stores genetic information, Structure Category: Nucleic Acid
Enzymes
Function: Catalyze biochemical reactions, Structure Category: Protein
Cholesterol
Function: Precursor for steroid hormones and bile acids, Structure Category: Lipid
Myosin
Function: Muscle contraction and movement, Structure Category: Protein
NADH
Function: Electron carrier in cellular respiration, Structure Category: Coenzyme
Cytokines
Function: Signaling proteins mediating immunity, inflammation, and hematopoiesis, Structure Category: Protein
Keratin
Function: Structural support and protection, found in hair, nails, and skin, Structure Category: Protein
FADH2
Function: Electron carrier in cellular respiration, Structure Category: Coenzyme
Haemocyanin
Function: Oxygen transport in the blood of some arthropods and mollusks, Structure Category: Protein
Amylase
Function: Catalyzes the hydrolysis of starch into sugars, Structure Category: Protein
Glycogen
Function: Energy storage in animals, Structure Category: Carbohydrate
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