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Chemical Bonding Basics
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Ionic Bond
A type of chemical bond where one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another, resulting in cations and anions which are held together by electrostatic forces.
Covalent Bond
A chemical bond where atoms share one or more pairs of valence electrons to achieve a full outer shell, resulting in molecules.
Metallic Bond
A bond found in metals, where there is a sea of shared free-floating valence electrons around positively charged metal ions.
Hydrogen Bond
An intermolecular attraction between a hydrogen atom, which is bound to a highly electronegative atom, and another electronegative atom with a lone pair of electrons.
Single Bond
A covalent bond in which only one pair of electrons is shared between atoms.
Double Bond
A covalent bond in which two pairs of electrons are shared between two atoms.
Triple Bond
A covalent bond where three pairs of electrons are shared between two atoms.
Dative or Coordinate Bond
A covalent bond where both electrons in the shared pair come from the same atom.
Polar Covalent Bond
A type of covalent bond where electrons are shared unequally between two atoms due to a difference in their electronegativities, resulting in a dipole.
Nonpolar Covalent Bond
A covalent bond where electrons are shared equally between two atoms with similar electronegativities, resulting in no permanent dipole.
Pi Bond (π Bond)
A covalent bond formed by the side-to-side overlap of two atomic orbitals that supplies the second or third bond in double and triple bonds, respectively.
Sigma Bond (σ Bond)
A covalent bond formed by the direct overlap of two atomic orbitals along the inter-nuclear axis.
Dipole-Dipole Interaction
An intermolecular force between two polar molecules, where positive end of one molecule attracts the negative end of another molecule.
London Dispersion Forces
A weak intermolecular force arising from induced temporary dipoles in otherwise nonpolar molecules.
Chemical Bond
An attraction between atoms or ions that enables the formation of chemical substances containing two or more atoms.
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