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Stoichiometry

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Mole Ratio

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The ratio of moles of one substance to the moles of another substance in a balanced chemical equation.

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Avogadro's Number

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The number of atoms, ions, or molecules in one mole of a substance: 6.022×10236.022 \times 10^{23} entities per mole.

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Percent Composition

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The percent by mass of each element in a compound.

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Empirical Formula

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The simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound.

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Molar Volume

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The volume occupied by one mole of a gas at a given temperature and pressure, often assumed to be 22.4 L at STP (Standard Temperature and Pressure).

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Molecular Formula

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The formula that shows the actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule of a compound.

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Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP)

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The condition under which the volume of a gas is often measured; 0 degrees Celsius and 1 atmosphere of pressure.

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Law of Conservation of Mass

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A principle stating that mass in an isolated system is neither created nor destroyed by chemical reactions or physical transformations.

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Stoichiometric Coefficients

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The numbers used in a balanced chemical equation to show the proportion of reactants and products.

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Theoretical Yield

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The maximum amount of product that can be produced from a given amount of reactant, according to the balanced chemical equation.

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Molar Mass

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The mass of one mole of a substance, typically measured in grams per mole (g/mol).

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Actual Yield

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The amount of product actually produced when the chemical reaction is carried out in an experiment.

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Percent Yield

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The percentage of the theoretical yield that was actually attained in a chemical reaction.

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Balanced Chemical Equation

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An equation that has the same number of atoms of each element on both sides of the reaction.

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Stoichiometry

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The calculation of reactants and products in chemical reactions in chemistry.

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Limiting Reactant

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The substance that is totally consumed when the chemical reaction is complete.

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Combustion Analysis

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A laboratory method used to determine the elemental composition of a compound by burning it and measuring the masses of the combustion products.

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Reaction Stoichiometry

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The quantitative relationship between reactants and products in a balanced chemical reaction.

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Excess Reactant

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The substance that is not used up completely in a reaction.

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Mole

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The amount of substance that contains as many entities as there are atoms in 12 g of carbon-12.

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