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Analyzing the locations of a series of crimes to determine the most probable area of offender residence, which can be particularly useful in cases of serial crimes.

Analyzing genetic material from biological evidence to match with individuals or relatives. It is used in a wide range of cases, especially violent crimes and where biological evidence is left.

Determination of events of a crime by the type, shape, and distribution of bloodstains. It can suggest the position of a victim, type of weapon used, and actions during the crime.

The technique of formally questioning witnesses, victims, and suspects to obtain information about a crime. It's the direct approach for gathering verbal evidence.

The examination of deceased individuals to determine the cause and manner of death through autopsies and laboratory tests, often used in suspicious death cases.

Monitoring a suspect's activities continuously to gather evidence and observe behavior without their knowledge, commonly used in drug trafficking or organized crime cases.

The study of victims and the patterns of how they are victimized, important for building profiles of potential suspects and understanding the motivations behind a crime.

A machine that measures physiological responses to determine truthfulness of suspects during questioning, but it's not 100% reliable and not admissible in all court systems.

This technique is used to match fingerprints at a crime scene with those of potential suspects or databases. It's based on the fact that no two fingerprints are exactly alike.

Officers or agents conceal their identity to infiltrate criminal groups or to get close to suspects, used for long-term investigations particularly in organized crime.

Examines small materials that could transfer from a suspect or the victim during a criminal act, such as fibers, hair, glass, or soil, to connect a suspect with a victim or crime scene.

Analyzing marks left by tools on a crime scene to identify the tools used potentially linking to a suspect, often important in burglary or assault cases.

Examining handwriting, typewriting, inks, and paper to authenticate documents or identify alterations. It is helpful in cases of fraud, forgery, or when documents are part of a crime.

Identifying and comparing body fluids such as blood, semen, and saliva at a crime scene, often used to establish the presence and possibly the identity of a suspect or victim.

The study of insects found on decomposing remains to estimate the post-mortem interval (PMI), which can be vital when investigating unattended deaths.

Using photographs for documenting the crime scene, victims, and evidence as they were originally found for future analysis and presentation in court.

Examining written or spoken language to identify the communicator based on stylistic and grammatical patterns, useful in threat assessment or cases involving written communication.

The process of extracting information and data from computer systems and digital storage devices to find evidence for cybercrimes or digital involvement in crimes.

A technique used to identify the personality, behavioral, and demographic characteristics of an unknown offender based on evidence from the crime.