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Policing Strategies
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Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED)
The use of urban and architectural design elements to reduce crime opportunities. Outcomes include the reduced likelihood of crime due to natural surveillance, territorial reinforcement, and access control strategies.
Focused Deterrence
A strategy that directly informs offenders or potential offenders about the costs of committing a crime and provides clear consequences. It aims to prevent crime among high-risk individuals and groups, potentially reducing recidivism.
Restorative Justice Policing
An approach that emphasizes repairing the harm caused by criminal behavior through cooperative processes. Possible outcomes include offender accountability, victim satisfaction, and reduced recidivism.
Community Policing
A strategy that emphasizes building strong relationships between the police force and the community. Outcomes may include increased trust, improved cooperation in crime prevention, and reduced fear of crime.
Predictive Policing
Using algorithms and statistical techniques to anticipate where and when crimes might occur. This method is intended to prevent crime but raises concerns about profiling and privacy.
Zero Tolerance Policing
A strict enforcement strategy that punishes all infractions of the law, no matter how minor. Possible outcomes include a short-term reduction in crime but potential long-term negative community relationships and civil rights concerns.
Hot Spot Policing
Concentrating police efforts in specific locations where crime is highly concentrated. This can result in immediate crime reduction in those areas, but sometimes crime displaces to adjacent areas.
CompStat
A performance management system that uses crime data, such as crime mapping and other statistics, to hold police accountable. Expected outcomes include reduced crime and increased efficiency but can lead to pressure to manipulate crime data.
Third-Party Policing
Leveraging non-police entities such as community agencies to address public safety and crime issues. This can lead to expanded resources but may also pose coordination and accountability challenges.
Intelligence-Led Policing (ILP)
A strategy that relies on data analysis and intelligence to guide policing efforts and allocate resources. Outcomes often include more efficient policing and the disruption of criminal networks.
Broken Windows Policing
The theory that maintaining urban environments to prevent small crimes helps to create an atmosphere of order and lawfulness. However, this approach can sometimes lead to over-policing of minor offences and racial profiling issues.
Procedural Justice Policing
A philosophy of treating individuals with dignity and fairness, and providing transparency in police operations. Expected outcomes include increased public trust and legitimacy of law enforcement agencies.
Evidence-Based Policing
Making policing decisions based on the best available research about what works in reducing crime. Possible outcomes include more effective strategies and better allocation of resources.
Differential Response Policing
Assigning different levels of police responses based on the type and severity of the calls to maximize efficiency. It can result in improved allocation of resources but might risk under-policing certain incidents.
Problem-Oriented Policing (POP)
An approach focusing on identifying and solving the underlying problems that contribute to criminal activity. Outcomes can include a reduction in repeat incidents and more effective resource usage.
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