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The actual committing of the crime by an individual.

Law enforcement examines the crime scene, gathers evidence, and seeks to identify a suspect.

Police take a suspect into custody based on probable cause.

Prosecutor decides whether to file formal charges against the suspect.

Suspect appears before a judge, informed of charges, and bail may be set.

Judge determines if there is enough evidence to proceed with a trial.

In some jurisdictions, a grand jury decides whether to indict the accused.

Accused is formally charged and enters a plea of guilty, not guilty, or no contest.

Negotiation between the defendant and the prosecutor, where the defendant agrees to plead guilty in exchange for a lesser charge or lighter sentence.

A formal examination of evidence in a court, typically with a jury, to decide guilt in a case.

Judge determines the punishment for the convicted individual.

Convicted person can request a higher court to review the case for legal errors.

The convicted person serves their sentence, which may include imprisonment, probation, or parole.

Efforts to reform the convicted person during and after their sentence, with the goal of preventing future offenses.