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The organic component of soil, formed by the decomposition of leaves and other plant material by soil microorganisms.

The science and technology of producing and using plants for food, fuel, fiber, and land reclamation.

A process where organic wastes are broken down by microorganisms into a rich soil amendment known as compost.

A technique of feeding plants by applying liquid fertilizer directly to their leaves.

Fermented, high-moisture stored fodder that can be fed to cattle, sheep, and other such ruminants or used as a biofuel feedstock for anaerobic digesters.

An agricultural practice where two or more crops are grown proximate to each other at the same time.

The agricultural practice of growing a single crop species over a wide area and for a large number of consecutive years.

An agricultural technique that involves growing crops without disturbing the soil through tillage.

A form of agriculture in which more than one species is planted together for the benefit of all.

A biological phenomenon by which an organism produces one or more biochemicals that influence the growth, survival, and reproduction of other organisms.

Plant or crop residue that is plowed into the soil to improve its physical properties and nutrient content.

A type of pesticide designed to kill or inhibit the growth of plants, especially weeds that are unwanted in cultivated areas.

A soil composed of sand, silt, and clay in relatively even concentration, providing a good balance of drainage and moisture retention.

A crop grown for the purpose of sale rather than for personal use or sustenance.

A method of growing plants without soil, using mineral nutrient solutions in an aqueous solvent.

Crops planted primarily to manage soil erosion, soil fertility, soil quality, water, weeds, pests, diseases, biodiversity, and wildlife in an agroecosystem.

A group of plants, the Fabaceae family, that harbor nitrogen-fixing bacteria in their roots, enhancing soil fertility.

The agricultural preparation of soil by mechanical agitation of various types, such as digging, stirring, and overturning.

The process of incorporating air into the soil to improve water infiltration and relieve soil compaction.