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Agronomic Terms
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Cash Crop
A crop grown for the purpose of sale rather than for personal use or sustenance.
Composting
A process where organic wastes are broken down by microorganisms into a rich soil amendment known as compost.
Inter-cropping
An agricultural practice where two or more crops are grown proximate to each other at the same time.
Loam
A soil composed of sand, silt, and clay in relatively even concentration, providing a good balance of drainage and moisture retention.
Herbicide
A type of pesticide designed to kill or inhibit the growth of plants, especially weeds that are unwanted in cultivated areas.
Agronomy
The science and technology of producing and using plants for food, fuel, fiber, and land reclamation.
Humus
The organic component of soil, formed by the decomposition of leaves and other plant material by soil microorganisms.
Green Manure
Plant or crop residue that is plowed into the soil to improve its physical properties and nutrient content.
No-Till Farming
An agricultural technique that involves growing crops without disturbing the soil through tillage.
Polyculture
A form of agriculture in which more than one species is planted together for the benefit of all.
Foliar Feeding
A technique of feeding plants by applying liquid fertilizer directly to their leaves.
Allelopathy
A biological phenomenon by which an organism produces one or more biochemicals that influence the growth, survival, and reproduction of other organisms.
Aeration
The process of incorporating air into the soil to improve water infiltration and relieve soil compaction.
Tillage
The agricultural preparation of soil by mechanical agitation of various types, such as digging, stirring, and overturning.
Legume
A group of plants, the Fabaceae family, that harbor nitrogen-fixing bacteria in their roots, enhancing soil fertility.
Cover Crops
Crops planted primarily to manage soil erosion, soil fertility, soil quality, water, weeds, pests, diseases, biodiversity, and wildlife in an agroecosystem.
Monoculture
The agricultural practice of growing a single crop species over a wide area and for a large number of consecutive years.
Silage
Fermented, high-moisture stored fodder that can be fed to cattle, sheep, and other such ruminants or used as a biofuel feedstock for anaerobic digesters.
Agroforestry
An integrated approach of using the interactive benefits from combining trees and shrubs with crops and/or livestock.
Hydroponics
A method of growing plants without soil, using mineral nutrient solutions in an aqueous solvent.
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