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Plant Nutrient Deficiencies

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Potassium

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Symptoms: Yellowing of leaf edges, brown scorching and curling of leaf tips, weak stems. Causes: Sandy soils, high rainfall areas. Remedies: Apply potash fertilizer or potassium sulfate.

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Manganese

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Symptoms: Interveinal chlorosis, brown spots on leaves. Causes: High pH soils, overliming. Remedies: Apply manganese sulfate or lower soil pH.

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Molybdenum

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Symptoms: Whiptail in cauliflower, mottled spots on leaves. Causes: Acidic soils, lack of organic matter. Remedies: Lime the soil or apply sodium molybdate.

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Magnesium

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Symptoms: Interveinal chlorosis, especially in older leaves, leaf curling. Causes: Leaching in acidic, sandy soils. Remedies: Apply Epsom salts or dolomite lime.

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Zinc

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Symptoms: Reduced leaf size, shortened internodes, leaf yellowing. Causes: High soil pH, cold temperatures, phosphorus excess. Remedies: Zinc sulfate applications or soil acidification.

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Copper

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Symptoms: Young leaves dark green, wilted or twisted, dieback at stem tips. Causes: Organic rich soils, high pH levels. Remedies: Apply copper sulfate sparingly or use copper chelates.

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Calcium

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Symptoms: New leaves are distorted or irregularly shaped, blossom end rot in fruits. Causes: Acidic soils, excess ammonium. Remedies: Add lime or gypsum to increase soil pH and calcium levels.

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Iron

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Symptoms: Interveinal chlorosis in young leaves, leaf yellowing. Causes: High soil pH, excess calcium, waterlogged soil. Remedies: Apply chelated iron fertilizers or acidify the soil.

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Nitrogen

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Symptoms: Pale green or yellowish leaves, stunted growth. Causes: Insufficient fertilizer, leaching. Remedies: Apply nitrogen-rich fertilizers like urea or compost.

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Boron

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Symptoms: Death of meristem tissue, brittle leaves, hollow stems in some plants. Causes: Sandy soils, low organic matter. Remedies: Borax or solubor applications.

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Chlorine

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Symptoms: Wilted chlorotic leaves, stunted root growth, leaf bronzing. Causes: Rare, usually due to genetic problems or drought conditions. Remedies: Ensure adequate irrigation and avoid salt accumulation from water or fertilizers.

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Phosphorus

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Symptoms: Purplish discoloration, especially on the undersides of leaves, stunted growth. Causes: Cold soil temperatures, alkaline or very acidic soils. Remedies: Add rock phosphate or bone meal to soil.

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Sulfur

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Symptoms: Young leaves turn pale green or yellow, stunted growth. Causes: Rainy conditions, soils lacking organic matter. Remedies: Add gypsum or fertilizers containing sulfate.

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