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Textile Industry Jargon
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Pilling
Pilling happens when fibers break and form small balls of fluff on the fabric surface, often due to wear or friction.
Jacquard
Jacquard refers to an intricate method of weaving invented by Joseph Jacquard, which uses a coded pattern mechanism to control each warp thread separately.
Moire
Moire is a watered silk fabric with a wavy or rippled appearance, produced by pressing two layers of fabric when finishing.
Denier
Denier is a unit of measurement for the fineness or thickness of silk, nylon, and other filament fibers, calculated by the weight in grams of 9,000 meters of the fiber.
Batik
Batik is a technique of wax-resist dyeing applied to whole cloth, which originated in Indonesia
Velcro
Velcro is a brand name for a fastening system using two strips of fabric, one with tiny hooks and the other with loops, that attach to each other.
Piqué
Piqué is a type of fabric with a raised parallel cord or fine ribbing, giving it a textured feel and appearance.
Weft
Weft refers to the yarn which is drawn through the warp yarns to create cloth in a weaving process.
Wicking
Wicking refers to the ability of a fabric to draw moisture away from the skin through capillary action, often used in athletic wear.
Nap
Nap refers to the raised surface or fuzz on a fabric, which is usually directional and affects how the fabric feels and looks.
Yarn Count
The yarn count is a number indicating the thickness or fineness of yarn, based on the relationship between length and weight.
Warp
In weaving, warp refers to the set of lengthwise yarns that are held in tension on a frame or loom.
Selvage
The selvage is the self-finished edge of the fabric that prevents it from unraveling and fraying.
Fulling
Fulling is a finishing process applied to woolen cloth to make it denser and firmer by shrinking and beating it in water.
Mercerization
Mercerization is a chemical treatment applied to cotton to give it a lustrous appearance, increase strength, and improve dye uptake.
GSM
GSM stands for Grams per Square Meter, which is the metric measurement of the weight of a fabric.
Twist
The twist in yarn is the measure of the spiral turns of the fibers around its axis, which gives strength and texture to the fabric.
Bias
Bias refers to the diagonal direction of the weave in a fabric, which has greater stretch and drapes differently than the straight grain.
Ply
In textile, ply refers to the number of strands twisted together to make a single thread of yarn.
Drape
Drape is the ability of a fabric to hang gracefully and fluidly in folds.
Houndstooth
Houndstooth is a classic two-tone textile pattern characterized by broken checks or abstract four-pointed shapes, often used in suiting materials.
Worsted
Worsted is a type of yarn or fabric made from wool that has been well combed to ensure that the fibers are parallel, resulting in a smooth, strong material.
Greige Goods
Greige goods are fabrics that have not been bleached, dyed, or finished after weaving, hence they are in their 'raw' state.
Twill
Twill is a type of fabric weave with a pattern of diagonal parallel ribs, notable in denim and gabardine.
Colorfast
A fabric is considered colorfast if its colors do not bleed or fade easily when washed or exposed to light.
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