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Aperture refers to the diameter of the telescope or camera lens opening, affecting the amount of light that reaches the sensor. In astrophotography, larger apertures allow more light and can thus capture fainter astronomical objects.

Long exposure is a technique used in astrophotography to capture more light from celestial objects by leaving the camera's shutter open for an extended period. It's crucial for photographing dim stars and galaxies.

ISO indicates the camera sensor's sensitivity to light. Increasing ISO allows for brighter images in low-light conditions, but it can introduce more noise, which is a consideration in astrophotography.

A tracking mount is a device that moves the telescope to follow the apparent motion of celestial objects caused by the Earth's rotation, which is essential for long-exposure astrophotography to prevent star trails.

Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) is a measure of the desired signal strength relative to background noise. In astrophotography, a higher SNR results in clearer images with less apparent noise.

A dark frame is a noise-reduction technique in astrophotography where a shot is taken with the shutter closed to record the camera's noise profile at a given temperature and exposure time. This can then be subtracted from the actual images to reduce noise.

Flat frames are images taken of an evenly illuminated surface to map out vignetting and sensor dust in astrophotography. They are used to correct uneven field illumination in the final image.

Bias frames are used to measure the camera's sensor noise at zero exposure time in astrophotography. These frames help in calibrating the final image by removing fixed pattern noise from the sensor.

Image stacking is a process in astrophotography where multiple exposures of the same scene are combined to increase the Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) and detail, thereby producing a higher-quality image.

Light pollution refers to unwanted artificial light that brightens the night sky and hinders the view of celestial objects, presenting a significant challenge for astrophotographers, especially in urban environments.

A telescope is an optical instrument that magnifies distant objects, and in astrophotography, it is used to collect light from celestial objects, enhancing the level of detail and allowing for closer observation.

An equatorial mount is a type of tracking mount that aligns with Earth's axis of rotation, allowing for precise tracking of celestial objects across the sky with minimal adjustments, which is especially beneficial for astrophotography.

An autoguider is a device used in astrophotography to automatically control a telescope's tracking mount, ensuring accurate alignment and tracking to prevent star trails during long exposures.

Planetary imaging is a branch of astrophotography focused on capturing detailed images of planets in our Solar System. It often requires high magnification, fast exposures, and sometimes, specialized cameras for best results.