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Lighting Setups for Portraiture
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Short Lighting
The side of the face furthest from the camera is well lit, which creates depth and dimension. It can be used to slim down the face or emphasize contours.
Butterfly Lighting
A light is placed above and directly in front of the subject's face, creating a shadow under the nose that resembles a butterfly. Often used to emphasize cheekbones and create a glamorous look.
Rembrandt Lighting
Characterized by an illuminated triangle under the eye of the subject on the less illuminated side of the face. It is achieved by placing the main light on the side of the face at approximately a 45-degree angle.
Flat Lighting
The light is positioned directly in front of the subject's face, minimizing shadows. This creates very even lighting and is often used for beauty shots.
Edge Lighting
Lights are placed behind the subject on either side, creating a strong outline or 'edge' of light. This helps to separate the subject from the background and adds a sense of dimension to the image.
Paramount Lighting
This style is similar to butterfly lighting but with the addition of a reflector or fill light below the subject's face to reduce shadows. It creates a glamorous, vintage look often associated with Hollywood portraits of the 1930s.
Three-Point Lighting
Three lights are used: key light is placed to one side of the camera creating light and shadow on the subject, fill light on the opposite side to soften shadows, and back light illuminates the subject from behind, separating them from the background.
Clamshell Lighting
A light modifier is placed above the subject's face while a reflector is below, both at equal 45-degree angles. This setup creates even light with soft shadows below the chin and is often used to highlight beauty features.
Kicker Lighting
A light placed at a low angle and behind the subject on one side. It provides a subtle highlight along the edge of the subject, enhancing dimensionality and separation from the background.
Loop Lighting
The light is positioned slightly higher than eye level and about 30 to 45 degrees from the camera, creating a small shadow of the subject's nose on their cheek.
Split Lighting
The main light is placed at a 90-degree angle to the subject, so that half of the subject's face is in shadow. It creates high contrast and is often used to create dramatic portraits.
Broad Lighting
The side of the subject's face that is towards the camera is lit, which is opposite of short lighting. It tends to make the face look wider and is not often used for portraits.
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