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The aperture is the opening in a lens through which light passes to enter the camera. It is measured in f-stops and controls the depth of field.

Shutter speed is the amount of time the camera’s shutter is open, allowing light to hit the sensor. It affects motion blur and exposure.

Metering is the process by which a camera determines the correct shutter speed and aperture based on the amount of light that passes into the camera.

Composition in photography is the arrangement of subjects within the frame to create a balanced and engaging photograph.

ISO is a measure of the camera sensor's sensitivity to light. Increasing ISO allows for shooting in lower light, but can introduce noise.

Image stabilization helps to reduce blurring associated with the motion of a camera or lens during exposure. It allows for slower shutter speeds without motion blur.

Bokeh refers to the aesthetic quality of the blur produced in the out-of-focus parts of an image produced by a lens. It is often seen as soft light orbs in the background.

Autofocus (AF) is a system that automatically adjusts the camera lens to focus on a subject. Modern cameras offer various AF modes such as single-shot, continuous, and automatic selection.

Exposure is the amount of light per unit area (the image plane exposure) reaching the camera sensor, as determined by shutter speed, lens aperture, and scene luminance.

Raw is a file format that captures all image data recorded by the sensor when you take a photo. It allows for more flexibility in post-processing.

The exposure triangle is a concept that illustrates the relationship between aperture, shutter speed, and ISO. Adjusting any of these affects the exposure.

Focal length, measured in millimeters (mm), is the distance between the lens and the image sensor when the subject is in focus. It determines the angle of view and the magnification of the image.

The rule of thirds is a compositional guideline that suggests dividing the frame into nine equal parts using two evenly spaced horizontal lines and two evenly spaced vertical lines.

Crop factor refers to the ratio of the sensor size to a 35mm film frame or 'full-frame' sensor. It affects the effective focal length of lenses on different camera bodies.

A histogram is a graphical representation of the tonal values of your image. It shows the distribution of light and dark pixels in the image.

JPEG is a common image file format that uses lossy compression to reduce file size. It is a standard format for storing and sharing digital photos.

Dynamic range in photography describes the ratio between the maximum and minimum measurable light intensities (white and black, respectively) and the ability to retain detail in both.

White balance is the process of removing unrealistic color casts, so that objects which appear white in person are rendered white in your photo.

Exposure compensation is a camera function that allows the photographer to adjust the exposure measured by its light meter, usually in terms of EV (Exposure Value).