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A method of constructing fabric by interlooping yarns with needles. Example: Knitting is utilized in making sweaters, scarves, and hats.

The process of adding color to textile products like fibers, yarns, and fabrics. Example: Dyeing can be done using natural or synthetic dyes and is key in creating colorful textiles such as tie-dye shirts.

The creation of a non-woven fabric by matting, condensing, and pressing woolen fibers together. Example: Felting is used to make hats, slippers, and other sturdy, insulating items.

A method of dyeing fabric by using wax-resist to create intricate patterns and designs. Example: Batik is popular in Indonesia and is used for traditional clothing and decorative wall hangings.

The production of silk and the rearing of silkworms for this purpose. Example: Sericulture involves the cultivation of mulberry trees and care of silkworms to produce silk fibers.

A breed of sheep famous for its fine, soft wool, which is highly prized in the textile industry. Example: Merino wool is used for high-quality clothing such as socks, sweaters, and base layers.

The art of knotting string in patterns to make decorative articles. Example: Macramé is popular for making plant hangers, wall hangings, and jewelry.

The edge of a fabric that is woven so that it will not fray or unravel. Example: Selvages are considered finished edges and run along the sides of woven fabric.

The process of sewing two or more layers of fabric together to make a thicker padded material. Example: Quilting is often seen in the creation of bedspreads and other bedding items.

A finish at the edge of a textile item, such as cloth, that prevents unraveling and may add decorative appeal. Example: Binding is often seen in finishing the edges of quilts or as trim on clothing.

An apparatus for making fabric by weaving yarn or thread. Example: Looms are central to the process of weaving and vary in size from small hand-held frames to large free-standing machines.

The art of making elaborate trimmings or edgings of applied braid, gold or silver cord, embroidery, colored silk, or beads. Example: Passementerie is commonly used in military and ceremonial clothing, as well as interior design.

A class of richly decorative shuttle-woven fabrics, often made in colored silks and with or without gold and silver threads. Example: Brocade is traditionally used in the creation of formal attire and sumptuous furnishings.

A method of weaving that creates a raised geometric design on the surface of the fabric. Example: Piqué is commonly used for high-quality dress shirts, bedding, and decorative fabrics.

A dyeing technique used to pattern textiles that employs resist dyeing on the yarns prior to weaving the fabric. Example: Ikat is often seen in fabrics featuring blurred, ethereal pattern designs.

A type of yarn or fabric characterized by its fuzzy piles which protrude around it, resembling a caterpillar. Example: Chenille is used for soft, plush textiles such as robes and bedspreads.

Art made from textile materials or techniques traditionally associated with fiber, such as weaving, knitting, or felting. Example: Fiber art includes works like tapestries or sculptural textiles.

The interlacing of strands of material to create a flat or tubular narrow textile. Example: Plaiting is used in making belts, straps, and decorative trims.

The process of forming a fabric by interlacing longitudinal threads (the warp) with transverse threads (the weft). Example: Weaving is used to create a variety of fabrics, from cotton t-shirts to woolen blankets.

A reversible figured fabric of silk, wool, linen, cotton, or synthetic fibers, with a pattern formed by weaving. Example: Damask is used for table linens, upholstery, and draperies.

A medium-weight balanced plain-woven fabric made from dyed cotton or cotton-blend yarn. Example: Gingham is popular for shirts, dresses, tablecloths, and kitchen towels.

A patterned cloth consisting of criss-crossed, horizontal and vertical bands in multiple colors. Example: Tartan is a defining feature of Scottish kilts and has become a popular pattern in various garments and textiles.

The process of creating fabric from yarn or thread using a crochet hook. Example: Crocheting is often used for decorative tablecloths, doilies, and afghans.

A needlepoint technique in which yarn is stitched through a canvas grid, forming a dense and sturdy textile. Example: Canvas work is used for creating durable bags, shoes, and wall art.

A tool used in spinning to hold the fibers and keep them untangled before they are spun into yarn. Example: Distaffs were traditionally used to support fibers during hand spinning.

A long and narrow bundle of fiber that has been combed and twisted, ready for spinning into yarn. Example: Roving is the intermediate step between carded fiber and spun yarn in textile crafts.

A process in which bast fibers like flax or hemp are separated from the plant tissues by soaking them in water. Example: Retting is crucial for preparing linen fibers for spinning.

A rough-surfaced woolen cloth, typically of mixed flecked colors, originally produced in Scotland. Example: Tweed is often used for outdoor garments like shooting jackets and caps due to its moisture-resistant properties.

The process of preparing fibers for spinning by separating and straightening the fibers with carding tools. Example: Carding is a vital step in producing smooth, even yarns for knitting and weaving.

A substance used in dyeing and printing that causes the color to become fixed to the fabric. Example: Mordants like alum and iron are often used in natural dyeing processes.

A lace textile made by braiding and twisting lengths of thread, which are wound on bobbins to manage them. Example: Bobbin lace is used for creating delicate trimmings for lingerie and linens.

An embroidery technique in which one material (usually a thread or cord) is laid on the surface of another and stitched in place. Example: Couching is used to create intricate surface designs on textiles and in ceremonial clothing.

The craft of decorating fabric or other materials using a needle to apply thread or yarn. Example: Embroidery is used to embellish clothing, hats, and decorative home textiles.

A technique in which pieces of fabric are sewn or stuck onto a larger piece to form a picture or pattern. Example: Appliqué is frequently used in decorative works and in embellishing garments.

A form of embroidery using wool and a variety of different embroidery stitches to follow a design outline applied to the fabric. Example: Crewel work is often used for decorative wall hangings and upholstery.