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Astrochemical Elements

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Magnesium

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Abundance: Quite common in the Universe. Significance: Central to chlorophyll in plants. Use in Astrobiology: Essential for photosynthesis, structural component of ribosomes.

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Oxygen

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Abundance: Third most abundant element in the Universe. Significance: Critical for respiratory processes of most life forms. Use in Astrobiology: Water formation, biosignature in the search for life.

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Iron

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Abundance: One of the most abundant elements in the Universe. Significance: Core component of planets and involved in biological processes. Use in Astrobiology: Central in hemoglobin, importance in exoplanet core composition.

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Silicon

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Abundance: Abundant, seventh most common element in the Universe. Significance: Major component of rocks and sand. Use in Astrobiology: Theoretical basis for alternative silicon-based life forms, makes up the crust of terrestrial planets.

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Helium

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Abundance: Second most abundant element in the Universe. Significance: No chemical reactivity but affects stellar evolution. Use in Astrobiology: Inert nature used as a benchmark in spectral analysis.

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Carbon

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Abundance: Fourth most abundant element in the Universe. Significance: Backbone of all known life forms. Use in Astrobiology: Essential for the chemistry of life, basis for organic molecules.

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Phosphorus

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Abundance: Relatively scarce in the Universe. Significance: Key component of ATP, DNA, and cell membranes. Use in Astrobiology: Indispensable for energy transfer and genetic information.

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Potassium

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Abundance: Fairly common in the Universe. Significance: Essential for cellular functions in some life forms. Use in Astrobiology: Can inform on the potential for biological processes on other worlds, involved in nerve function.

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Calcium

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Abundance: Widespread in the Universe. Significance: Important for bone structure in vertebrates. Use in Astrobiology: Provides insights into extraterrestrial geology and potential bio-signatures, involved in cell signaling.

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Hydrogen

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Abundance: Most abundant element in the Universe. Significance: Primary building block of stars and life-sustaining water. Use in Astrobiology: Essential for forming organic molecules, part of the search for life.

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Sulfur

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Abundance: Abundant in the Universe. Significance: Involved in protein synthesis. Use in Astrobiology: Integral part of some amino acids and vitamins, can be a metabolic byproduct.

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Chlorine

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Abundance: Not as common in the Universe. Significance: Role in maintaining fluid balance in some life forms. Use in Astrobiology: Part of the search for extraterrestrial habitable environments, involved in ionic balance in organisms.

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Zinc

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Abundance: Not very abundant in the Universe. Significance: Involved in numerous enzymes and biological processes. Use in Astrobiology: Essential trace element for life, used in enzyme function studies.

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Nitrogen

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Abundance: Relatively abundant in the Universe. Significance: Part of vital biological molecules like DNA. Use in Astrobiology: Component of atmospheres, essential for amino acids and nucleic acids.

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Sodium

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Abundance: Common in the Universe. Significance: Important for biological functions in some life forms. Use in Astrobiology: Helps determine planetary atmospheres, involved in nerve transmission.

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