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Significant Astronomical Discoveries

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Enceladus's Geysers Containing Organic Compounds

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Cassini spacecraft, 2005-2015, sampled geysers ejecting water rich in organic molecules.

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Bacteria in Meteorites

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Richard B. Hoover, 2011, claims of finding fossils of bacteria in meteorites, though highly controversial.

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Lakes of Liquid Methane on Titan

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Cassini–Huygens mission, 2004-2017, discovered stable bodies of surface liquid outside Earth.

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Radio Signals from Ross 128

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Arecibo Observatory, 2017, unusual radio signals sparked speculation about their potential artificial origin.

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Detection of a Multi-planetary System around Kepler-62

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Kepler Space Telescope Team, 2013, discovered five planets, two of which are in the habitable zone.

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Recurring Slope Lineae on Mars

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Lujendra Ojha and team, 2011, discovery of dark streaks on Martian slopes, potentially linked to water activity.

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Complex Organic Molecules on Comet 67P

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Rosetta spacecraft, 2014, identified a variety of complex organic compounds on a comet.

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Proxima Centauri b

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Pale Red Dot campaign and ESO/Harps team, 2016, closest known exoplanet located in the habitable zone of its star.

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Discovery of the First Exoplanet

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Michel Mayor and Didier Queloz, 1995, confirmed the existence of planets outside our solar system.

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Organic Salts on Mars

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Curiosity Rover, 2021, identified organic salts which are chemical remnants of organic compounds.

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Atmosphere of GJ 1132 b

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Laura Schaefer and team, 2017, detected atmosphere around an Earth-sized exoplanet for the first time.

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Possible Subsurface Ocean on Europa

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Magnetic measurements by Galileo spacecraft, 1995-2003, indicated a conductive layer beneath the ice shell.

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KIC 8462852 (Tabby's Star) Irregular Dimming

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Tabetha S. Boyajian and team, 2015, unusual and sporadic dips in brightness sparked theories of advanced alien megastructures.

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Discovery of Fast Radio Bursts (FRBs)

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Duncan Lorimer and David N. Lorimer, 2007, detection of highly energetic astronomical phenomena of unknown origin.

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First Image of a Black Hole

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Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration, 2019, captured the first-ever image of a black hole's event horizon.

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Discovery of the TRAPPIST-1 System

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Michael Gillon and Team, 2016, a system of seven Earth-sized planets of which three are in the habitable zone.

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Seasonal Variations of Oxygen on Mars

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Curiosity Rover, 2019, discovery of oxygen levels on Mars that vary with the Martian seasons.

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Seasonal Methane Spikes on Mars

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Curiosity Rover, 2013-2014, recurring detection of atmospheric methane which is a potential biosignature.

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Evidence of Water on Mars

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NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, 2005-present (ongoing mission), provided strong evidence of the historical presence of water.

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Ammonia Detected in Exoplanetary Atmospheres

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Telescope observations with spectroscopy, various dates, identified ammonia in the atmospheres of exoplanets.

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Variable Star Delta Cephei

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John Goodricke and Edward Pigott, 1784, its periodic brightness changes led to the understanding of Cepheid variables.

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Phosphine Gas in Venus's Atmosphere

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Jane Greaves and Team, 2020, potential biosignature detected in the atmosphere of Venus.

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The Allen Hills 84001 Meteorite

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David S. McKay and Team, 1996, the potential discovery of microfossils of Martian origin.

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Interstellar Object 'Oumuamua

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Robert Weryk, 2017, the first known object from another star system to pass through our solar system.

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Detection of Earth-sized Exoplanets in the Habitable Zone

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Kepler Space Telescope Team, 2014, added crucial data to the frequency of potentially habitable planets in our galaxy.

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