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The presence of liquid water is essential for known life forms. It acts as a solvent, enabling biochemical reactions necessary for life. For example, Earth has abundant liquid water, making it habitable.

Habitability can be affected by a star's stability and energy output. A stable star with consistent output is favorable for life. For example, our Sun has relatively low variability, making it conducive to life on Earth.

The mass of a planet affects its ability to retain an atmosphere and generate a magnetic field, both of which can affect habitability. For example, Mars' low mass led to a thin atmosphere and limited protection from radiation.

A stable planetary system avoids extreme orbital changes that can affect climate drastically. Jupiter, for instance, has been important in shielding Earth from many celestial impacts.

An atmosphere with the right composition can maintain surface water and protect life from harmful radiation. For example, Earth's atmosphere contains oxygen and nitrogen, which are crucial for life.

Plate tectonics and volcanic activity can recycle nutrients and regulate a planet's climate, which is vital for long-term habitability. Earth's tectonic activity contributes to its habitability.

A planet's distance from its star where temperatures allow for liquid water to exist. Being in the habitable zone doesn't ensure habitability but it's a primary criterion. For example, Earth is in the Sun's habitable zone.

A moon can stabilize a planet's tilt and climate, as is the case with Earth's moon, which reduces axial tilt fluctuations and, as a result, stabilizes our climate.

A strong magnetic field shields a planet from solar wind and cosmic radiation, which can strip away the atmosphere and harm life. Earth's magnetic field is an example of such protection.