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Great Observatories and Their Discoveries

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Voyager Interstellar Mission

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Voyager 1 and 2 have provided key insights on the outer planets, discovered the first active volcanoes beyond Earth, and are now in the interstellar space.

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Chandra X-ray Observatory

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Provided high-resolution X-ray images of supernova remnants, clusters of galaxies, and black holes, and was used to study dark matter.

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Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope

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Has mapped the gamma-ray sky, discovering pulsars, the structure of our Milky Way, and active galaxies known as blazars.

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Keck Observatory

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Its telescopes are among the largest optical and infrared telescopes, contributing to the discovery of the accelerating expansion of the universe and extrasolar planets.

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James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)

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Designed to study the formation of stars and planets, the JWST focuses on infrared astronomy and has the potential to observe the atmospheres of exoplanets.

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Hubble Space Telescope (HST)

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Significant discoveries include the Hubble Deep Field, determining the rate of expansion of the universe, and the observation of the furthest galaxies and quasars.

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Very Large Telescope (VLT)

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Made the first direct image of an exoplanet and measures the expansion of the universe.

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Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA)

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ALMA studies the early universe, star formation, and has imaged the formation of planets around young stars.

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Spitzer Space Telescope

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Significant contributions include studying comets and asteroids, observing distant galaxies, and detecting light from the farthest known transiting exoplanet.

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Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP)

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WMAP data have helped to determine the age, composition and shape of the universe, supporting and refining the Big Bang model.

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