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Great Observatories and Their Discoveries
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Voyager Interstellar Mission
Voyager 1 and 2 have provided key insights on the outer planets, discovered the first active volcanoes beyond Earth, and are now in the interstellar space.
Chandra X-ray Observatory
Provided high-resolution X-ray images of supernova remnants, clusters of galaxies, and black holes, and was used to study dark matter.
Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope
Has mapped the gamma-ray sky, discovering pulsars, the structure of our Milky Way, and active galaxies known as blazars.
Keck Observatory
Its telescopes are among the largest optical and infrared telescopes, contributing to the discovery of the accelerating expansion of the universe and extrasolar planets.
James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)
Designed to study the formation of stars and planets, the JWST focuses on infrared astronomy and has the potential to observe the atmospheres of exoplanets.
Hubble Space Telescope (HST)
Significant discoveries include the Hubble Deep Field, determining the rate of expansion of the universe, and the observation of the furthest galaxies and quasars.
Very Large Telescope (VLT)
Made the first direct image of an exoplanet and measures the expansion of the universe.
Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA)
ALMA studies the early universe, star formation, and has imaged the formation of planets around young stars.
Spitzer Space Telescope
Significant contributions include studying comets and asteroids, observing distant galaxies, and detecting light from the farthest known transiting exoplanet.
Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP)
WMAP data have helped to determine the age, composition and shape of the universe, supporting and refining the Big Bang model.
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