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Discovered the period-luminosity relationship for Cepheid variables, which became a key step in measuring cosmic distances.

First woman to discover a comet and the first woman to be paid for her scientific work, recognized as one of the first professional female astronomers.

Played a crucial role in the development of radio astronomy, conducted early research which led to the discovery of the solar radio emission.

Her research has provided support for the existence of dark matter and the role of dark energy in the formation and expansion of the universe.

Catalogued over 3,000 variable stars and wrote the Bright Star Catalogue, which is widely used by astronomers today.

First American woman to work as a professional astronomer, best known for discovering a comet, which was named 'Miss Mitchell's Comet'.

Established that stars are made primarily of hydrogen and helium and wrote an influential thesis considered as 'the most brilliant PhD thesis ever written in astronomy'.

Pioneered work on galaxy rotation rates, provided strong evidence for the existence of dark matter.

Discovered the first radio pulsars in 1967 which provided important confirmation of the existence of neutron stars.

Known for her work on mapping the distribution of galaxies in the universe, and discovering the 'Great Wall', a large superstructure of galaxies.

Developed a stellar classification system which became the universal system known as the Harvard Classification Scheme.