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The Anthropic Principle suggests that the universe has the properties it does because if it were different, intelligent life would not have emerged to observe it. Evidence is more philosophical than scientific, with some supporting arguments derived from fine-tuning of the universe's constants.

Inflationary Theory is an extension of the Big Bang Theory, proposing a period of extremely rapid exponential expansion of the universe. Key evidence includes the uniformity of the cosmic microwave background radiation and the distribution of large-scale cosmic structures.

The Oscillating Universe Theory posits that the universe undergoes a cycle of big bangs and big crunches, forever oscillating between these two phases. Currently, there is no strong observational evidence for this theory.

The Cyclic Model proposes that the universe undergoes continuous cycles of big bangs and big crunches, with each evolutionary phase governed by different physical processes. It aims to explain the homogeneity, isotropy, and flatness observed in the universe. Theoretical at present, with research in progress to find observational evidence.

Plasma Cosmology considers electromagnetic forces between plasma in the universe, as opposed to gravity alone, playing a principal role in the development of cosmic structures. It's a fringe theory with little evidence and is not widely accepted.

The Steady State Theory posits that the universe is eternal and unchanging; as it expands, new matter is created to maintain a constant density. Key evidence once suggested was the perfect cosmological principle but has since been disproven by the discovery of the cosmic microwave background radiation and the redshift of galaxies.

The Ekpyrotic Universe Theory is based on string theory and proposes that our universe is the result of a collision of two three-dimensional worlds on a hidden fourth dimension. Evidence is currently mainly theoretical.

The Big Bang Theory suggests that the universe began as a single point, then expanded and stretched to grow as large as it is right now, and is still expanding. Key evidence for this theory includes the cosmic microwave background radiation, the abundance of light elements such as hydrogen and helium, and Hubble's observation of the redshift of galaxies.

The Multiverse Theory suggests that our universe is just one of many universes that exist. Evidence is largely theoretical, stemming from interpretations of quantum mechanics and string theory.