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A total solar eclipse visible across the United States which had a significant impact on astronomy outreach and public engagement with science. It also provided unique research opportunities for solar science.

Captured by William Bond and John Adams Whipple at the Harvard College Observatory. This event marked the beginning of astrophotography, allowing for a more detailed and permanent record of astronomical observations.

Venera 7, launched by the Soviet Union, was the first spacecraft to successfully land on another planet (Venus) and transmit data back to Earth, kicking off the era of space exploration on Venus.

Yuri Gagarin became the first human to travel into space, orbiting the Earth in Vostok 1. His flight marked the beginning of human spaceflight, which has profound implications for our understanding of human capabilities in space.

Ole Rømer measured the speed of light by observing the moons of Jupiter. His work provided the first quantitative estimate of the speed of light, which is crucial in all areas of astronomy.

Joseph von Fraunhofer invented the spectroscope and discovered dark lines in the solar spectrum. This event marked the birth of astronomical spectroscopy, vital for understanding the composition and movement of stars.

Johannes Kepler published his work detailing the laws of planetary motion, which described the orbits of planets as elliptical. This revolutionized our understanding of celestial mechanics and orbits.

The Gaia spacecraft was launched to chart a three-dimensional map of the Milky Way, providing valuable data on the positions, distances, and motions of stars, greatly enhancing our understanding of Galactic structure and evolution.

Discovery by Honoré Flaugergues which became one of the largest comets measured. It was visible to the naked eye for around 260 days. The event generated a large interest in cometary science and contributed to the study of comet tails and structure.

By Nicolaus Copernicus, this publication proposed a heliocentric model of the universe which radically changed astronomy by displacing Earth from the center of the universe, paving the way for modern astronomy.

The Mariner 4 spacecraft conducted the first successful flyby of Mars, providing the first close-up photos of another planet and greatly enhancing our knowledge of the Martian surface.

The Hubble Space Telescope was launched into low Earth orbit, providing an unprecedented clear view of the universe and leading to numerous discoveries in astrophysics.

Sir Isaac Newton published his work describing universal gravitation and the three laws of motion. This had a profound impact on astronomy, providing a mathematical framework for celestial mechanics.

The Crab Nebula was created by a supernova explosion, recorded by Chinese astronomers. This event contributed to the understanding of stellar evolution and the life cycle of stars.

Discovered by Giuseppe Piazzi, Ceres is the first and largest object found in the asteroid belt. This discovery expanded our understanding of the solar system and eventually led to the classification of dwarf planets.

Karl Jansky first detected radio signals from outside the Earth, marking the birth of radio astronomy, which has helped scientists to observe the universe in a new light and discover phenomena invisible in other wavelengths.

Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson discovered the cosmic microwave background radiation, providing strong evidence for the Big Bang theory and improving our understanding of the early universe.

A strong narrowband radio signal was detected by Jerry R. Ehman using Ohio State University's Big Ear radio telescope. The event sparked interest in the search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI).

William Herschel discovered Uranus, which was the first planet found using a telescope and the first to be discovered in modern times, expanding our understanding of the solar system.