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Impact of Space Telescopes on Modern Astronomy

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Herschel Space Observatory

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Year Launched: 2009; Contributions: Largest infrared telescope ever launched; explored the formation of stars and galaxies, and the composition of comets and atmospheres of planets and moons.

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Chandra X-ray Observatory

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Year Launched: 1999; Contributions: Provided high-resolution X-ray images of the universe; studied black holes, supernovae remnants, and dark matter.

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Compton Gamma Ray Observatory

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Year Launched: 1991; Contributions: Observed gamma rays in the universe; contributed to the study of gamma-ray bursts, active galaxies, and supernova remnants.

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Spitzer Space Telescope

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Year Launched: 2003; Contributions: Offered detailed information of the universe in infrared light; studied comets, stars, exoplanets, and distant galaxies.

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Hubble Space Telescope

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Year Launched: 1990; Contributions: Revolutionized our understanding of the universe; captured deep field images; improved our knowledge of the rate of expansion of the universe.

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Gaia Space Observatory

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Year Launched: 2013; Contributions: Creating a three-dimensional map of our galaxy; determining the position, distance, and motion of stars.

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Planck Space Telescope

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Year Launched: 2009; Contributions: Produced the most detailed map of the cosmic microwave background; improved our understanding of the age, contents and evolution of the universe.

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Kepler Space Telescope

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Year Launched: 2009; Contributions: Discovered a multitude of exoplanets by detecting transits; helped to determine the frequency of Earth-like planets in the Milky Way.

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James Webb Space Telescope

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Year Launched: 2021; Contributions: Designed to look further into the universe than ever before; aims to uncover insights about the formation of stars, galaxies, and exoplanets.

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TESS (Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite)

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Year Launched: 2018; Contributions: Searches for exoplanets using the transit method; aims to catalog thousands of exoplanet candidates around bright nearby stars.

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