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Types of Business Ownership

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Sole Proprietorship

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Characteristics: Owned by one person. Pros: Full control, simple to establish, tax benefits. Cons: Unlimited liability, difficult to raise capital, business continuity depends on owner.

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Partnership

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Characteristics: Owned by two or more individuals. Pros: More resources, shared responsibility, easy to form. Cons: Shared profits, joint and several liabilities, potential for conflict.

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Limited Partnership (LP)

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Characteristics: One general partner with unlimited liability and limited partners with liability up to their investment. Pros: Limited liability for limited partners, more capital available. Cons: General partner has unlimited liability, complex structure, less control for limited partners.

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Limited Liability Partnership (LLP)

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Characteristics: All partners have limited liability. Pros: Limited liability protects personal assets, flexibility in business management. Cons: Not recognized in all states, requires more paperwork and formalities, potential for higher taxes.

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Limited Liability Company (LLC)

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Characteristics: Mixture of a partnership and corporation. Pros: Limited liability, tax benefits, flexibility in management. Cons: More complex to create, variable treatment by state, potential for self-employment taxes.

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C Corporation (C Corp)

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Characteristics: Separate legal entity from owners. Pros: Limited liability, unlimited growth potential, perpetual existence. Cons: Double taxation, extensive record-keeping, more regulations.

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S Corporation (S Corp)

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Characteristics: Designed for small businesses. Pros: Tax benefits of a partnership, limited liability. Cons: Strict eligibility requirements, limited shareholders, stricter operational processes.

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B Corporation (B Corp)

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Characteristics: For-profit companies certified to meet strict standards of social and environmental performance. Pros: Good public perception, can attract certain investors. Cons: Rigorous certification process, potential conflict between profit and purpose.

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Cooperative (Co-op)

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Characteristics: Owned and operated by a group of members for their mutual benefit. Pros: Democratic control, profits shared among members. Cons: Limited capital, slower decision-making, possible conflicts among members.

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Franchise

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Characteristics: Contractual relationship allowing use of a firm's business model and brand. Pros: Established brand, comprehensive support, access to proven systems. Cons: High initial fees, ongoing royalties, less autonomy.

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Social Enterprise

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Characteristics: Driven by a social or environmental mission. Pros: Can tap into a motivated workforce, potential tax benefits, good public image. Cons: May struggle to balance mission with profitability, funding can be challenging, increased scrutiny.

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Non-Profit Organization

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Characteristics: Exists to serve a charitable, educational, or similar purpose. Pros: Tax-exempt status, promotes social good, access to grants. Cons: Limited commercial activities, intensive paperwork, must reinvest profits back into the organization.

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Microenterprise

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Characteristics: Small business typically with fewer than 10 employees. Pros: Flexibility, lower startup costs, personal customer relationships. Cons: Limited resources, vulnerability to market fluctuations, may be challenging to access financing.

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Joint Venture

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Characteristics: Business agreement between two or more parties to collaborate on a specific project. Pros: Shared resources and expertise, access to new markets, risk sharing. Cons: Potential for disagreements, divided authority, specific-term oriented.

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Multinational Corporation (MNC)

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Characteristics: Operates in multiple countries. Pros: Large scale operations, access to international markets, diversified risks. Cons: Complex management structure, subject to political and currency risks, cultural differences could pose challenges.

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