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Budgeting and Forecasting Techniques

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Zero-Based Budgeting

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A method where all expenses must be justified for each new period, starting from a 'zero base'. Best used when seeking to thoroughly review spending and ensure efficient allocation of resources.

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Incremental Budgeting

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A method where the previous period's budget is taken as a base and adjusted for incremental changes. Best used in stable organizations or environments where changes are small and predictable.

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Activity-Based Budgeting

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A budgeting method where activities that incur costs are recorded, analyzed and researched. Best used when seeking to understand in detail how different business activities drive costs.

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Flexi-budgeting

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In this type of budgeting, expenses are allowed to increase or decrease with the level of revenues or other activity levels. Best used when business income or production levels are highly variable.

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Rolling Forecast

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A forecasting method in which data is continuously updated throughout the year. Best used for maintaining up-to-date forecasts and adapting quickly to market and business changes.

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Top-Down Budgeting

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A budgeting approach where the top management sets the overall number, which is then allocated down to the various departments. Best used in organizations where the top management has a clear view of company's strategic goals.

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Bottom-Up Budgeting

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A method where individual departments or cost centers create their own budgets, which are then approved and aggregated. Best used in companies where front-line managers have the most knowledge about budgeting needs.

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Value Proposition Budgeting

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This method involves allocating funds based on the value outcomes of each line item. Best used when resources are limited and it's crucial to spend money on the most value-generating items.

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Capital Budgeting

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The process of evaluating investment options and allocating resources for long-term investments. Best used when planning for large expenditures like equipment or property that have long-term implications.

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Cash Flow Forecasting

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A forecasting method that estimates a company's future financial liquidity over a certain period. Best used for managing payments and ensuring there is sufficient cash to cover upcoming expenses.

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Continuous Budgeting

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This method involves constantly updating a 12-month budget as months elapse. Best used in dynamic business environments where agility and continuous planning are required.

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Static Budget

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A fixed budget that does not change over the budgeted period, regardless of changing circumstances. Best used when costs and revenues are very predictable and stable.

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Outcome-Based Budgeting

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This approach focuses on the outcomes rather than the inputs or activities, allocating funds based on expected results. Best used when the focus is on achieving specific strategic outcomes.

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Participatory Budgeting

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A budgeting process that includes input from stakeholders who are affected by the budget, including employees and citizens. Best used in government and community projects where transparency and inclusion are valued.

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Program Budgeting

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A budget system in which resources are based around set programs or projects rather than departments or items. Best used when projects require interdisciplinary resources and a focus on outcomes.

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Priority-Based Budgeting

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A portioning of funds that is driven by organizational priorities, where projects and services are funded based on their alignment with these priorities. Best used when needing to maximize alignment with strategic goals.

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Forecasting by Analogy

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Using data or patterns from similar events to predict future financial outcomes. Best used when there's limited data on the current situation but available data on analogous situations.

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Quantitative Forecasting

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This forecasting involves mathematical models and historical data to predict future trends. Best used when there's a substantial amount of reliable numerical data available to analyze.

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Qualitative Forecasting

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A method that relies on expert opinions and other non-quantifiable information to predict future events. Best used when there's a lack of historical data or the future is expected to be very different from the past.

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Scenario Planning

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A method where multiple future outcomes are envisioned and planned for, creating a sort of 'what if' analysis. Best used when the future is uncertain, and it's crucial to prepare for various possibilities.

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