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Return on Capital Employed - a financial ratio that measures a company's profitability and the efficiency with which its capital is employed

Discounted Cash Flow - a valuation method used to estimate the value of an investment

Net Present Value - calculates the present value of projected cash flows minus initial investment

Earnings Per Share - indicates how much money a company makes for each share of its stock

Compound Annual Growth Rate - the mean annual growth rate of an investment over a specified time period

Price-to-Book Ratio - compares a company's market value to its book value

Loan to Value Ratio - a financial term used by lenders to express the ratio of a loan to the value of an asset purchased

Standard Operating Procedure - a set of step-by-step instructions compiled by an organization to help workers carry out routine operations

Free Cash Flow - cash a company generates after cash outflows to support operations and maintain its capital assets

Present Value - the current value of a future amount of money or stream of cash flows given a specified rate of return

Operating Operating Efficiency - a measure of how much profit a company makes with its present assets and its level of operational efficiency

Free Cash Flow to Equity - a measure of how much cash is available to the equity shareholders of a company after all expenses, reinvestment, and debt repayments

Net Profit Margin - shows how much of each dollar earned by the company is translated into profits

Accounts Payable - short-term obligations or money owed by a company to its creditors

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses - combined payroll costs of all non-production employees and other costs not tied to a specific product

Cash Flow - the net amount of cash and cash-equivalents being transferred into and out of a business

Capital Expenditures - funds used by a company to acquire, upgrade, and maintain physical assets

Earnings Before Interest and Taxes - measures a firm's profit that includes all incomes and expenses except interest and taxes

Current Ratio - a liquidity ratio that measures a company's ability to pay short-term obligations

Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation, and Amortization - indicates a company's financial performance

Value-Based Management - a management approach that ensures corporations are run consistently on value

Return on Investment - measures the profitability of an investment

Leveraged Buyout - the acquisition of another company using a significant amount of borrowed money

Enterprise Value - an economic measure reflecting the market value of a whole business

Return on Equity - measures the profitability of a corporation in relation to stockholders' equity

Weighted Average Cost of Capital - the average rate of return a company is expected to pay its security holders

Mergers and Acquisitions - the consolidation of companies or assets through various financial transactions

Accounts Receivable - money owed to a company by its debtors

Price/Earnings to Growth Ratio - a stock's P/E ratio divided by the growth rate of its earnings

Free Cash Flow to the Firm - a measure of a company's financial flexibility that is often used in DCF analysis

Debt-to-Equity Ratio - a measure of a company's financial leverage calculated by dividing its total liabilities by stockholders' equity

Cost of Goods Sold - the direct costs attributable to the production of the goods sold in a company

Internal Rate of Return - the discount rate that makes the net present value of all cash flows equal to zero

Earnings Before Interest and Taxes - measures a firm's profit that includes all incomes and expenses except interest and taxes

Return on Assets - indicates how profitable a company is in relation to its total assets

Gross Profit Margin - a financial metric used to assess a company's financial health by revealing the proportion of money left over from revenues after accounting for the cost of goods sold

Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation, Amortization and Rent - a financial performance measure that adds rent and lease payments to EBITDA

Times Interest Earned - a measure of a company's ability to honor its debt payments

Price-to-Earnings Ratio - a ratio for valuing a company that measures its current share price relative to its per-share earnings