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Demand-pull inflation is asserted to arise when aggregate demand in an economy outpaces aggregate supply. It involves inflation rising as real gross domestic product rises and unemployment falls.

Cost-push inflation occurs when overall prices increase (inflation) due to increases in the cost of wages and raw materials.

Inflation targeting is a monetary policy regime in which a central bank has an explicit target inflation rate for the medium term and announces this inflation target to the public.

Inflation is the rate at which the general level of prices for goods and services is rising, and subsequently, purchasing power is falling.

Wage inflation is the rising general level of wages that occurs when the demand for workers in an economy outpaces the supply of workers.

The CPI measures changes in the price level of a weighted average market basket of consumer goods and services purchased by households.

Disinflation is a decrease in the rate of inflation – a slowdown in the rate of increase of the general level of prices, not to be mistaken with deflation.

Hyperinflation is extremely high and typically accelerating inflation. It quickly erodes the real value of the local currency, as prices rise rapidly.

Stagflation is a situation in which the inflation rate is high, the economic growth rate slows, and unemployment remains steadily high.

Quantitative easing is a monetary policy whereby a central bank buys government bonds or other financial assets to inject money into the economy to expand economic activity.

A deflationary spiral occurs when reductions in price lead to lower production, which in turn leads to lower wages and demand, which leads to further reductions in price.

Purchasing power refers to the amount of goods or services that one unit of currency can buy. Inflation erodes purchasing power over time.

Deflation is the decrease in the general price level of goods and services, often caused by a reduction in the supply of money or credit.

Monetary policy involves the management of a country's money supply and interest rates by its central bank to control inflation and stabilize currency.