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Cross-Cultural Communication Norms
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Gift-Giving Customs
Gift-giving is a common practice in many cultures, but the rules and meanings of gifts vary widely.
Power Distance
Power distance describes how cultures deal with inequality and authority, with higher power distance accepting greater levels of inequality.
Nonverbal Communication
Nonverbal communication includes facial expressions, gestures, and body language, which can differ drastically from culture to culture.
Monochronic vs. Polychronic Time Orientation
Monochronic cultures view time as linear and value punctuality, while polychronic cultures see time as more flexible and fluid.
Greeting Etiquette
Greeting practices, such as handshakes, bows, or kisses, have different implications and traditions across various cultures.
Societal Taboos
Taboos are socially or culturally unacceptable practices, and what is taboo can vary greatly across different societies.
Uncertainty Avoidance
Cultures with high uncertainty avoidance prefer clear rules and structure to avoid the unknown, while low uncertainty avoidance cultures are more accepting of ambiguity.
Silence in Communication
Silence can carry different meanings, from discomfort or disagreement to respect and contemplation, depending on cultural context.
Eye Contact Norms
The appropriateness of eye contact varies, with some cultures viewing it as respect and honesty, while others may view it as a challenge or disrespect.
Individualism vs. Collectivism
Individualistic cultures prioritize personal goals over group goals, whereas collectivistic cultures do the opposite.
Communication Styles
Direct communication styles are blunt and straightforward, whereas indirect communication styles rely on suggestion and context.
Interpersonal Space
The amount of space considered comfortable during interpersonal interactions varies among cultures, affecting communication and social relations.
High vs. Low Context Cultures
High context cultures rely on implicit communication and nonverbal cues, whereas low context cultures depend on explicit verbal expression.
Proxemics
Proxemics refers to the study of personal space and how different cultures perceive and use space.
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