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Media-Relevant Legislation

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Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA)

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Year Passed: 1974 Key Provisions: Protects the privacy of student education records, grants parents rights over their children's education records, which transfer to the student at age 18 or college attendance.

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Public Broadcasting Act of 1967

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Year Passed: 1967 Key Provisions: Established the Corporation for Public Broadcasting, initiated federal funding for public broadcasting, and aimed at supporting educational television and radio services in the U.S.

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Communications Act of 1934

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Year Passed: 1934 Key Provisions: Established the Federal Communications Commission (FCC), regulated interstate and foreign commerce in communication by wire and radio, and aimed at consolidating and organizing federal regulation of telecommunications.

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Telecommunications Act of 1996

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Year Passed: 1996 Key Provisions: First significant overhaul of telecommunications law since 1934, broke down regional monopolies, and allowed various media enterprises to engage in cross-service competition.

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Fairness Doctrine

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Year Passed: Introduced in 1949 Key Provisions: Required broadcasters to present controversial issues of public importance and to do so in a manner that was, in the FCC's view, honest, equitable, and balanced.

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Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA)

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Year Passed: 1998 Key Provisions: Implements two treaties of the World Intellectual Property Organization, criminalizes production and dissemination of technology that can circumvent copyright protections, and creates legal protections for copyright holders.

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Children's Television Act

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Year Passed: 1990 Key Provisions: Mandates that each U.S. broadcast television station must air programming specifically designed to serve the educational and informational needs of children.

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Radio Act of 1912

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Year Passed: 1912 Key Provisions: Mandated that radio stations be licensed by the federal government, enforced radio operation standards, and required that seafaring vessels continuously monitor distress frequencies.

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Cable Communications Policy Act of 1984

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Year Passed: 1984 Key Provisions: Established a clear policy for the regulation of cable communications by local government, set guidelines for franchise renewal, and encouraged growth and development of cable services.

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Children's Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA)

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Year Passed: 1998 Key Provisions: Imposes requirements on online services aimed at children under 13, and on websites or online services that have actual knowledge that they are collecting personal information from a child.

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Sarbanes-Oxley Act

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Year Passed: 2002 Key Provisions: Set new or enhanced standards for all U.S. public company boards, management, and public accounting firms, and provides a range of new penalties for acts of wrongdoing.

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Freedom of Information Act (FOIA)

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Year Passed: 1966 Key Provisions: Grants the public the right to request access to records from any federal agency, intended to improve governmental transparency.

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Patriot Act

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Year Passed: 2001 Key Provisions: Expanded the abilities of law enforcement to investigate suspected terrorist activities by accessing personal data, simplifying surveillance, and widening the range of activities considered terrorist acts.

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Global Online Freedom Act

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Year Passed: Proposed multiple times in the 2000s but not passed Key Provisions: Aims to prevent U.S. companies from cooperating with repressive governments in the oppression of their citizens, especially where Internet freedom is concerned.

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Broadcast Decency Enforcement Act of 2005

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Year Passed: 2005 Key Provisions: Increases the fine imposed by the FCC for indecent broadcasts.

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