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International Relations Terms
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Realism
A theory in international relations that prioritizes national interest and security over ideology, moral concerns, and social reconstructions.
Liberalism
An approach in international relations theory that emphasizes the role of individuals, non-state actors, and international institutions in promoting cooperation and peace.
Constructivism
A theory in international relations that examines how changing international norms and actors' identities help shape the content of state interests.
Sovereignty
The authority of a state to govern itself or another state and is a core principle in international law.
Diplomacy
The art and practice of conducting negotiations between representatives of states, typically refers to international diplomacy.
Soft Power
The ability of a country to persuade others to do what it wants without force or coercion, often through cultural or ideological means.
Hard Power
A coercive approach to international politics, involving the use of military and economic means to influence the behavior and thinking of other states.
Non-state Actors
Individuals or groups that hold influence and which are wholly or partly independent of state governments.
UNSC
United Nations Security Council, responsible for maintaining international peace and security.
NATO
North Atlantic Treaty Organization, a military alliance of European and North American countries established in 1949.
Detente
The easing of strained relations, especially between countries.
Hegemony
Leadership or dominance, especially by one state or social group over others.
Balance of Power
A situation in which nations of the world have roughly equal power.
Globalization
The process by which businesses or other organizations develop international influence or start operating on an international scale.
Interdependence
A mutual dependency between states, where the actions in one country can have significant consequences for other countries.
Sanctions
Penalties applied by one or more countries against a targeted country, group, or individual.
Non-Governmental Organization (NGO)
A legally constituted organization created by private individuals or organizations with no representation or direct involvement of any government.
Multilateralism
A system of coordinating relations between three or more states, usually in pursuit of objectives in particular areas.
Unilateralism
The process of acting, reaching a decision, or resolving a problem by a single state without the consent or participation of other states.
Proxy War
A conflict between two nations where neither country directly engages the other while fighting occurs between entities that serve their interests.
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