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International Relations Terms

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NATO

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North Atlantic Treaty Organization, a military alliance of European and North American countries established in 1949.

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UNSC

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United Nations Security Council, responsible for maintaining international peace and security.

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Detente

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The easing of strained relations, especially between countries.

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Globalization

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The process by which businesses or other organizations develop international influence or start operating on an international scale.

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Liberalism

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An approach in international relations theory that emphasizes the role of individuals, non-state actors, and international institutions in promoting cooperation and peace.

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Constructivism

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A theory in international relations that examines how changing international norms and actors' identities help shape the content of state interests.

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Non-Governmental Organization (NGO)

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A legally constituted organization created by private individuals or organizations with no representation or direct involvement of any government.

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Sovereignty

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The authority of a state to govern itself or another state and is a core principle in international law.

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Hard Power

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A coercive approach to international politics, involving the use of military and economic means to influence the behavior and thinking of other states.

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Multilateralism

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A system of coordinating relations between three or more states, usually in pursuit of objectives in particular areas.

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Realism

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A theory in international relations that prioritizes national interest and security over ideology, moral concerns, and social reconstructions.

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Diplomacy

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The art and practice of conducting negotiations between representatives of states, typically refers to international diplomacy.

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Sanctions

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Penalties applied by one or more countries against a targeted country, group, or individual.

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Soft Power

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The ability of a country to persuade others to do what it wants without force or coercion, often through cultural or ideological means.

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Hegemony

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Leadership or dominance, especially by one state or social group over others.

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Unilateralism

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The process of acting, reaching a decision, or resolving a problem by a single state without the consent or participation of other states.

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Proxy War

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A conflict between two nations where neither country directly engages the other while fighting occurs between entities that serve their interests.

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Interdependence

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A mutual dependency between states, where the actions in one country can have significant consequences for other countries.

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Balance of Power

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A situation in which nations of the world have roughly equal power.

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Non-state Actors

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Individuals or groups that hold influence and which are wholly or partly independent of state governments.

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