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Campaign details: The 1994 South African general election marked the end of apartheid and was the first in which citizens of all races were allowed to take part. Key players: Nelson Mandela, F.W. de Klerk, and the African National Congress (ANC). Outcome: The ANC won the election, and Nelson Mandela became the first black president of South Africa.

Campaign details: The 1989 Polish legislative elections were the first partially free elections in the country since the pre-World War II era. Key players: Solidarity movement, General Wojciech Jaruzelski, and the Polish United Workers' Party. Outcome: Solidarity won a landslide victory, marking the beginning of the end for communist rule in Poland.

Campaign details: The 2005 German federal election was called early after the Bundestag lost a motion of confidence. Key players: Gerhard Schröder, Angela Merkel, and the Social Democratic Party (SPD). Outcome: Angela Merkel's CDU won the most seats and she became the first female Chancellor of Germany.

Campaign details: The 1960 United States presidential campaign was notably for the first-ever televised presidential debates. Key players: John F. Kennedy and Richard Nixon. Outcome: John F. Kennedy won the election, becoming the 35th president of the United States.

Campaign details: The 2008 United States presidential campaign of Barack Obama, then junior U.S. senator from Illinois, was announced on February 10, 2007. Key players: Barack Obama, John McCain, Sarah Palin, and Joe Biden. Outcome: Barack Obama won the election, becoming the 44th president of the United States and the first African American to hold this office.