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Key Political Ideologies

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Communism

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A political and economic ideology derived from Marxist theory, aiming to create a classless society where all property is publicly owned and each person works and is paid according to their abilities and needs.

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Fascism

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A far-right political ideology that is characterized by dictatorial power, suppression of opposition, and regimentation of society and the economy. Main beliefs include nationalism, authoritarianism, and a hierarchical society.

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Liberalism

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An ideology favoring individual political and economic freedom, with limits on state power. Main beliefs include the protection of civil liberties, the rule of law, and support for democracy and a market economy.

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Environmentalism

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A broad philosophy and social movement regarding concerns for the conservation and improvement of the environment. Main beliefs include sustainable management of resources, reduction of pollution, and advocacy for the protection of natural habitats.

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Nationalism

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An ideology that emphasizes loyalty, devotion, or allegiance to a nation or nation-state and places the interests of the nation above those of other countries or groups. Main beliefs include the promotion of national identity and sovereignty.

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Conservatism

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A political philosophy that seeks to preserve traditions and social institutions, advocating for a gradual evolution of society rather than rapid change. Main beliefs include the maintenance of social order, skepticism about the concept of equality, and belief in a hierarchy.

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Anarchism

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An ideology that stands for the abolition of the state, believing it to be unnecessary and harmful. Main beliefs revolve around self-managed, stateless societies, and the rejection of all involuntary, coercive forms of hierarchy.

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Feminism

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A range of political movements, ideologies, and social movements that share a common goal: to define, establish, and achieve political, economic, personal, and social equality of sexes. Main beliefs include advocacy for women's rights and interests.

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Libertarianism

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A political philosophy that upholds liberty as its core principle. Main beliefs include an emphasis on individual freedom, minimal state intervention in personal and economic affairs, and skepticism of authority.

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Socialism

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An economic and political system advocating for collective or governmental ownership and administration of the means of production and allocation of resources. Main beliefs include the reduction of economic inequalities and promotion of a welfare state.

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