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Speechwriting Techniques

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Alliteration

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The repetition of the same sound at the beginning of adjacent or closely connected words. Example: 'Fighting for freedom, facing the future, and forging ahead.'

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Rhetorical Question

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A question asked just for effect or to lay emphasis on some point discussed when no real answer is expected. Example: 'How long is this going to last? How long will we be silent to this suffering?'

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Anaphora

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The repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses or sentences. Example: 'We shall not flag or fail. We shall go on to the end. We shall fight in France.' - Winston Churchill

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Amplification

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Involves repeating a word or expression while adding more detail to it, to emphasize what might otherwise be passed over. Example: 'In my heart is the pain of my people, pain for the suffering, and agony of those who I’ve seen.'

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Ethos

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An appeal to ethics, and it is a means of convincing someone of the character or credibility of the persuader. Example: 'As a doctor, I am qualified to tell you that this course of treatment will likely generate the best results.'

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Metaphor

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A figure of speech that describes an object or action in a way that isn’t literally true, but helps explain an idea or make a comparison. Example: 'The torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans.' - John F. Kennedy

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Antithesis

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The juxtaposition of contrasting ideas in balanced phrases or clauses. Example: 'We must learn to live together as brothers or perish together as fools.' - Martin Luther King Jr.

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Pathos

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A method of convincing people with an argument drawn out through an emotional response. Example: 'They had to have courage to stand up and fight. They had to know it wasn’t just for themselves but for all Americans.' - Barack Obama

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Tricolon

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A series of three parallel words, phrases, or clauses. Example: 'Government of the people, by the people, for the people.' - Abraham Lincoln

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Logos

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An appeal to logic, and is a way of persuading an audience by reason. Example: 'The data shows that this policy has improved living conditions for thousands.'

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